Micro Exam One/ch. 2

Front 1

Stereoisomers

Back 1

two or more compounds differing only in the spatial arrangement of their atoms

Front 2

Atoms

Back 2

basic unit of matter

Front 3

Neutron

Back 3

No charge

Front 4

Proton

Back 4

Positively charged

Front 5

Electron

Back 5

Negatively charged

Front 6

Nucleus

Back 6

Heaviest part of atoms made up by protons and neutrons

Front 7

Atomic mass

Back 7

Sum of protons and neutrons

Front 8

Atomic number

Back 8

Number of protons in the nucleus

Front 9

Elements

Back 9

Have only one type of atom

Front 10

Isotopes

Back 10

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Front 11

Basis of chemical bonds is to form

Back 11

Molecules

Front 12

Ionic bonds

Back 12

Formed by gaining or losing electrons

Front 13

What do ionic bonds form?

Back 13

Ions (charged atoms)

Front 14

Cations

Back 14

Positive charge

Front 15

Anion

Back 15

Negative charge

Front 16

Covalent bonds

Back 16

Formed when atoms share electrons

Front 17

Organic molecules

Back 17

Carbon bonding with hydrogen

Everything else is inorganic

Front 18

Covalent bonds can be ________ or ___________.

Back 18

Polar or non polar

Front 19

Non polar

Back 19

Equal sharing of electrons

Front 20

Polar

Back 20

Unequal sharing of electrons

Front 21

A mole

Back 21

6.022 x 1023 particles

one compound has the same number of molecules as a mole of any other

Front 22

Molarity of a solution is

Back 22

Number of moles dissolved in one liter of water

Front 23

Water facts

Back 23

Makes up 70% of all living things

Polar

Can be a product or reactant

Most important molecule in the world

Excellent solvent (because of polar nature)

Front 24

Hydrophillic

Back 24

Loves water

Front 25

Hydrophobic

Back 25

Hates water

Front 26

pH

Back 26

Measure of [H+] in mL

14 bitter

7 neutral

0 basic

Front 27

Inorganic ions

Back 27

Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Chloride, Phosphate, Sulfate

Front 28

Organic compounds have

Back 28

Functional groups

Front 29

How are polymers formed?

Back 29

Dehydration synthesis

Front 30

Reverse of dehydration synthesis is

Back 30

Hydrolysis

(Requires addition of water)

Front 31

Proteins are made up of

Back 31

Amino acids

Front 32

Proteins make up more than half of

Back 32

The dry weight of the cell

Front 33

Proteins are involved in

Back 33

In almost every important function performed by a cell

Front 34

Protein shape is determined by

Back 34

Amino acid sequence

Front 35

All proteins exist as __________ besides ___________

Back 35

stereoisomers, glycine

Front 36

What is the most important feature in a protein?

Back 36

The shape

Front 37

Protein denaturation

Back 37

High temperature

Extreme pH
Chemicals can break
Bonds no longer function

Front 38

Carbohydrates

Back 38

Energy source (food)

Structural components of cell-glycoproteins

Front 39

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ratio in carbohydrates

Back 39

1:2:1

CH2O

Front 40

Dehydration synthesis

Back 40

Loss of water

Front 41

Nucleic acids carry genetic information in sequence of

Back 41

Nucleotides

Front 42

DNA stands for

Back 42

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Front 43

Info from the DNA is transcribed in the form of

Back 43

RNA

Ribonucleic Acid

Front 44

Simple lipids contain

Back 44

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 45

Glycerol is linked to ____________ by ____________

Back 45

Fatty acids by dehydration synthesis

Front 46

Saturated lipids

Back 46

No double bonds

Front 47

Unsaturated lipids

Back 47

Double bonds

Front 48

Monounsaturated

Back 48

One bond

Front 49

Polyunsaturated

Back 49

Multiple bonds (greater than one)

Front 50

Compound lipids include

Back 50

Other elements

Front 51

Phospholipid

Back 51

Yields hydrophilic head group

Form lipid bilayer

Front 52

Steroids

Back 52

Simple lipids

Front 53

Sterols

Back 53

Have hydroxyl group attached to one of the rings

Ex. Cholesterol