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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymph system
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system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for development of immune cells and immune reaction
spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, GALT |
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leukocytes
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white blood cells
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neutrophils
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mature granulocyte present in peripheral circulation, essential blood phagocytes
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eosinophils
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mature granulocyte; active in worm and fungal infections, allergy
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basophils
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mature granulocyte; function in inflammatory events and allergies
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macrophages
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largest phagocytes that ingest and kill foreign cells
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lymphocytes
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primary cells involved in specific immune reactions to foreign matter; B cells and T cells
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lysozyme
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enzyme in sweat and tears that breaks down peptidoglycan
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interferon
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natural human chemical that inhibits viral replication; antiviral cytokine
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complement system
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• System of several blood proteins that
interact in a cascade (sequence of biochemical reactions, each reaction activates the next reaction) • Produces inflammatory cytokines • Produces antimicrobial complexes of complement proteins |
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pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
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microbe molecules not recognized by eukaryotes; bacteria: peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide
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cytokines
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chemical substance produced to regulate immune response
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chemotaxis
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tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient
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diapedesis
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migration of intact blood cells between endothelial cells of a blood vessel
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inflammation
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natural, nonspecific that protects the host from further damage; stimulates immune reactivity
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B-lymphocyte
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(B cell) white blood cell that gives rise to plasma cells and antibodies
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T-lymphocyte
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(T cell) white blood cell that is processed in the thymus and is involved in cell-mediated immunity
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dendritic cell
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relatives of macrophages that reside throughout the tissue and RES; processes foreign matter and presenting it to lymphocytes
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plasma cell
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progeny of an activated B cell that actively produces antibodies
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Helper T Cells
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regulate immune reactions to antigens; receptor contact and releasing cytokines
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Cytotoxic T Cells
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killer cells; use perforins and granzymes
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lymphocyte maturation
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see figure 15.1
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antigen
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any cell, particle or chemcial that induces a specific immune response by B or T cells and can stimulate resistance
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antibody
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large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen
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T-cell receptor
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similar to B cell receptor; smaller and is never secreted
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opsonization
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process in which microorganisms or other particles are coated with specific antibodies so that they will be phagocytised
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antigen binding sites
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product of randomly spliced gene fragments
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lymphocyte maturation
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• Gene rearrangements generate receptor diversity
• Self-recognizing lymphocytes eliminated • Lymphocyte specificity will remain for the life of the cell and its descendents (clone) |
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Major Histocompatibility
Complex molecules (MHC) |
MHC Class I found on all nucleated cells.
MHC Class II found on macrophages, dendritic cells and B-lymphocytes. |
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B cell activation
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1. B-cell binds antigen
2. B-cell presents antigen to T-helper cell 3. TH and B-cell interact via MHC II and CD4 4. TH stimulates B-cell 5. B-cell clone expands to produce memory cells and plasma cells |
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compliment fixation
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union of antibody and antigen; the better fit, the stronger the lymphocyte stimulation
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neutralization
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antibodies fill the surface receptors on a virus or exotoxin to prevent attachment
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Memory B-cells
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Memory B-cells provide a rapid
secondary response upon reexposure to an antigen |
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IgG
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immunoglobulin G; monomer
*prod by plasma cells in primary response *prod by memory cells in second encounter *most prevalent antibody; cross placenta *neutralizes, opsonizes, and fixes complement |
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IgM
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immunoglobulin M; pentamer
*10 binding sites-great capacity for binding antigen *first class synthesized after antigen encounter |
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secondary response
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specific immunity: t-cells, b-cells, antbodies etc
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primary response
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latent period; antibody is being concentrated
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natural passive immunity
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mother to child
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natural active immunity
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getting the infection
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artificial immunity
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immunization
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artificial active immunization
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vaccination
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artificial passive immunization
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immunotherapy
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