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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cycloserine |
Class- structural analogue of D-Ala SOA- 1st stage of CW synthesis, low MW precursors synthesized Bacteriocidal Broad G+ and G-, mostly used for TB CNS toxicity (restricted to TB rx) |
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Bacitracin |
Class- polypeptide with thiazoline ring SOA- 2nd stage of CW synthesis. inhibits dephosphorylation of lipid pyro-po4 Bacteriocidal G+ bacteria Systemic toxicity, use topically |
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Beta Lactams (penicillin and cephalosporins) |
Class- Beta Lactams SOA- 3rd Stage of CW synthesis. covalently bind PBP (transpeptidase) to prevent x-ling between last glycine and penultimate d-ala Bacteriocidal Broad Spectrum Oral and Parenteral |
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Vancomycin |
Class- Glycopeptide SOA- Cell Wall, blocks transglycolation Bacteriocidal Gram + Parenteral (except C. Difficile = oral) overuse can lead to Van R enterococci/staph |
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Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin) |
Class- aminoglycosides SOA- Irreversibly bind 30s subunit, interrupt cycle at initiation of protein synthesis Bacteriocidal Broad G+ and G- but not anaerobes Parenteral only nephrotoxic/ototoxic synergistic with B-lactams |
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Tetracyclines |
Class- Tetracyclines SOA- bind reversibly to 30s subunit. prevents polypeptide synthesis Bacteriostatic Broad spectrum Iron/antacids/dairy/food impair absorption depression of bone w/ sustained use intracellular activity |
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Chloramphenicol |
Class- chloromycetin (nitrobenzene ring) SOA- Binds 50s subunit reversibly, prevents transpeptidation/elongation Bacteriostatic Broad spectrum Oral and parenteral cause bone marrow suppression --> aplastic anemia good for some anaerobes last resort |
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Erythromycin |
Class- Macrolides SOA- bind 50s subunit reversibly, blocks translocation/elongation Bacteriostatic (high level - cidal) Broad spectrum (mainly G+, some G-) Good for pt allergic to penicillin intracellular activity |
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Lincomycin and Clindamycan |
Class- Lincosamides SOA- Binds 50s subunit and inhibit peptide bond formation Bacteriostatic (cidal at high conc) Mostly G+ and anaerobes no interference with food |
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Sulphonamides |
Class- Sulfa drugs SOA- analogue of PABA- interferes with folic acid metabolism (purine/pyrimidine) Bacteriostatic Broad spectrum, some parasites and protozoa Distributed throughout body synergistic with trimethoprim nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypersensitivity (take a lot of water) |
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Trimethoprim |
Class- Trimethoprim SOA- Selective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (anti folic acid) Bacteriostatic (high concentration = cidal) Broad spectrum synergistic with sulfa |
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Quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levoquin, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid) |
Class- Fluoroquinolone SOA- inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase Bacteriocidal Broad G- and G+ Doesn't work against MRSA Gyrase = supercoling, Topo IV = separation of daughter strands increased R because of overuse |
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Rifampin (macrocyclic) |
Class- aromatic ring system spanned by long aliphatic bridge SOA- binds RNA polymerase, inhibits mRNA synthesis Bacteriocidal Broad spectrum R develops rapidly in vitro/ in vivo |
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Amphotericin B |
Class- Polyenes SOA- binds egosterol causing membrane pores Fungicidal Used on Fungi (yeast and mold) fungi contain sterols (ergosterol) unlike humans |
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Azoles |
SOA- interferes with cytochrome p-450 in ergosterol synthesis Fungistatic Fungi (yeast and mold) hepatic elimination (avoid in pt with hepatic insufficiency) |
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Polymyxins |
Class- Polymyxin B (cationic cyclic peptide) SOA- detergent-like properties increase cell permeability Bacteriocidal Gram -, including pseudomonas nephrotoxic and neurotoxic |
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Cell Wall |
Cycloserine- 1st stage (precursors synthesized) (G+ and G-, TB) Bacitracin- 2nd stage (dephosphorylation) (G+) B-lactam (penicillin/cephalosporin)- 3rd stage (transpeptidase / PBP) (Broad) Vancomycin- prevents precursors into growing PG (G+) ALL BACTERIOCIDAL |
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30s Ribosomal subunit |
Aminoglycoside- irreversible, causes nonsense proteins (G+ and G-, not anaerobes) -bacteriocidal Tetracycline- reversible (broad spectrum) -bacteriostatic |
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50s ribosomal subunit |
Chloramphenicol- binds reversibly (broad) -static Erythromycin- reversible (mostly G+, some G-) -static (high conc = cidal) Clindamycin/Lincomycin- reversible (G+ and anaerobes) -static (high conc = cidal) |
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Metabolic disruption |
Sulfonamides- interfere with folic acid metabolism / purine pyrimidine synthesis -broad/parasites, static Trimethoprim- selective inhibitor of dyhydrofolate reductase -broad, static SYNERGISTIC |
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Nucleic Acid Synthesis disruption |
Quinolones- Inhibit gyrase and topoisomerase -G- and G+, bacteriocidal Rifampin- bind RNA polymerase, inhibit mRNA synthesis -Broad, bacteriocidal |
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Membrane Disruption |
Polymyxin B- detergent-like, G- including pseudomonas -bacteriocidal, neurotoxic/nephrotoxic Amphotericin- Bind ergosterol --> pore - fungicidal Azoles- interfere with cytochrome p-450 in ergosterol synthesis -fungistatic |
