3Rd Year Micro Final - Antibiotics Mode Of Operation

Front 1

Amantadine (target organism, example, action)

Back 1

Antiviral. Influenza A, inhibits uncoating of the virus

Front 2

Enfuvirtide

Back 2

Antiviral. HIV. Blocks gp41 binding

Front 3

Acyclovir

Back 3

Antiviral, HSV1,2,VZV, causes chain termination - inhibit DNA pol

Front 4

Gancylcovir

Back 4

Antiviral, CMV, Gunaosine analogue, inhibits DNA pol

Front 5

Iododeoxyuridine

Back 5

Antiviral, HSV, Iodine instead of Thymidine, faulty DNA

Front 6

Foscarnet

Back 6

Antiviral, HSV,CMV. Inhibits DNA pol by preventing removal of phosphates from dNTPs

Front 7

AZT

Back 7

Antiviral, HIV, Nucleoside analogue that inhibits RT

Front 8

Dideoxyinosine

Back 8

Antiviral, HIV, Nucleoside analogue - causes chain termination

Front 9

Abacavir

Back 9

Antiviral, HIV, Guanosine analogue - chain termination

Front 10

Nevirapine/Delavirdine

Back 10

Antiviral, HIV, inhibit RT by a conformational change

Front 11

Indinavir, Saquinavir

Back 11

Antiviral, HIV, protease inhibitors, so no cleavage of gag,pol,env

Front 12

Fomivirsen

Back 12

Antiviral, CMV, Anti-sense DNA - blocks viral mRNA from being translated

Front 13

Zanamivir

Back 13

Antiviral, Influenza, inhibits Neuraminidase thus inhibits virions release from cells

Front 14

Penicillin

Back 14

Antibacterial. Strep pyogenes. Inhibits Transpeptidase and thus synthesis of peptidoglycans

Front 15

Ampicillin

Back 15

Antibacterial. Peniciilin with an amino group. Are not hydrolized by stomach acid, can be taken orally and have a wider Gram- range (Pseudomonas)

Front 16

Methicillin

Back 16

Antibacterial. Penicillin with large aromatic ring -- cannot be cleaved by Beta-Lactmases

Front 17

Augmentin

Back 17

Antibacterial. Amoxicillin+Calvulanic acid (Beta-lactamases inhibitor)

Front 18

Cephalosporins

Back 18

Beta-lactam drugs. Action is same as penicillins -- inhibits cross linking of Peptidoglycans. Advantage - less hypersentivity reactions and have a broader range

Front 19

Carbapenems

Back 19

Antibacterial. Beta-lactams with differenet stucture. Imipenem has the widest spectrum. Examples : Strep, Neisseria, Hemophilus. Not inactivated by beta-lactamases

Front 20

Monobactams

Back 20

Antibacterial. Beta-lactam, active mainly against Gram- (Pseudomonas, enterobacteriace). Resistant to most Beta-lactamases

Front 21

Vancomycin

Back 21

Antibacterial. Inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidation by binding directly to D-Ala-D-Ala. Effective against Gram+. Examples : staph aureus, staph epidermidis. Is not inhibited by Beta - lactamases

Front 22

Cycloserine

Back 22

Antibacterial. Structural analogue of D-ala that inhibits synthesis of cell wall

Front 23

Caspofungin

Back 23

Antifungal. Inhibits synthesis of B-glucan, part of the cell wall of fungi. Candida, Aspergillus

Front 24

Aminoglycosides. Also - toxicity

Back 24

Antibacterial. Inhibit 30S rRNA and thus inhibit protein synthesis. Against Gram- rods. Nephrotoxic and Ototoxic. Streptomycin, Gentamicin...

Front 25

Tetracyclins. What is its selectivity based on ?

Back 25

antibacterial. Block 30S by blocking tRNA from entering the ribosome. Selectivity based on greater uptake into bacterial cells. Doxycycline. Rickettsia, Chlamydiae..

Front 26

Chloramphenicol

Back 26

Antibacterial. Bactericidal against the 3 encapsulated pyognes (Strep pneumonia, neisseria menigitidis, hemophilus influenza). Blocks peptidyltransferase in the 50S (may inhibit some mitochondrial protein synthesis)

Front 27

Erythromycin

Back 27

Antibacterial. Macrolide. Binds 50S and prevents release of uncharged tRNA. Examples - Legionella, Mycoplasma

Front 28

Clindamycin. Important side effect.

Back 28

Antibacterial. Binds to 50S. Bacteriostatic against gram+ and gram- anaerobes. Side effect - Clostridium difficile overgrowth ->psedumembranous colitis

Front 29

Linezolid

Back 29

Antibacterial. Useful in VISA. Binds 23S rRNA in the 50S

Front 30

Sulfonamides

Back 30

Antibacterial. PABA analogues, block synthesis of THF (humans do not use PABA precursors of THF). E.coli, strep pneumonia

Front 31

Trimethoprim

Back 31

Antibacterial. Inhibits production of THF by inhibiting Dihydrofolate reductase. Trimethoprim togehter with Sulfamethoxazole are used in UTIs, pneumocystis pneumonia

Front 32

Quinolones

Back 32

Antibacterial. Bactericidal - block DNA topoisomerase and thus block DNA synthesis. Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) are useful against a broad spectrum

Front 33

Flucytosine

Back 33

Antifungal. Nucleoside analogue that inhibits dNA synthesis. Disseminated cryptococcal or candidal infections

Front 34

Rifampin

Back 34

Antibacterial. Blocks mRNA synthesis by bacterial RNA pol. TB, prophylaxis for Neisseria Meningtidis

Front 35

Polymyxins

Back 35

Antibacterial. Works by disrupting bacterial cell membrane. Gram- rods

Front 36

Amphotericin B. Toxicity ?

Back 36

Antifungal. Binds ergosterol and distrupts fungal membranes. Nephrotoxic. Works in disseminated fungal diseases

Front 37

Nystatin

Back 37

Antifungal. Only for candida

Front 38

Azoles

Back 38

Antifungal. Inhibit ergosterol synthesis. Fluconazole, Itraconazole...used in systemic fungal infections

Front 39

Isoniazid (INH)

Back 39

Antibacterial. Against mycobacteria- inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Penetrates cell wall therefore is effective against bacteria within mac's.

Front 40

Metronidazole

Back 40

Antibacterial + Antiprotozoal. Works against anaerobic bacteria and Giardia and Trichomonas potozoa. Damages DNA and inhibts DNA synthesis

Front 41

Ethambutol

Back 41

Antibacterial. Bacteriostatic against mycobacteria. Inhibits synthesis of ARabinogalactan which links mycolic acids and the peptidoglycan

Front 42

Pyrazinamide

Back 42

Antibacterial. Used in TB - inhibits fatty acid synthetase, thus inhibiting mycolic acids

Front 43

Griseofulvin

Back 43

Antifungal. Binds to microtubules and prevents mitotic spindle formation. Hair/nail infections