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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemotherapy |
Use of chemicals to treat disease. Not only cancer. Any chemical (tylenol, antibiotics, ect) used to treat. |
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Antibiotics |
Substance produced by microorganisms that in small amounts inhibits other microorganisms Penicillin 1st true antibiotic, A. Fleming 1928. |
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Zones of inhibition |
Area around antibiotic-producer in which susceptible cells did not grow or are not present |
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Bactericidal |
Chemicals which interferes with pathogens to the point that they die. |
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Lawn of bacteria |
Covering on a surface, usually a agar plate, of microorganism growth (usually bacteria) |
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Not all natural antimicrobial are useful for medical treatment, what are the 4 characteristics it must meet? |
1. Be stable ( not changing, weakening or strengthening quickly). 2. Have a route to get into the body (oral, injection, ect) 3. Not cause damage to the person or healthy cells. 4. Able to withstand stomach acid |
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Staphylococcus aureus |
Opportunistic pathogen. Lives on the skin, when given a change will cause infection. Ex. Inside the body from parenteral enterence |
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Selective toxicity |
Toxic effects on pathogen without damage to the host. Must not interfere with your cells, so they can 'catch up' for immune defense |
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Antimicrobial drug |
Synthetic substances that inhibit or kill microbes ( not necessarily produced by microorganisms). Antibiotics produced by living microbes. Antimicrobial includes antibiotics and synthetic also. |
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What are the 3 representative sources of antibiotics (microbe groups? |
Gram-positive, Actinomycetes (gram-negative subgroup), and Fungi. Actinomycetes then source for majority of antibiotics today |
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Different antibiotics have different spectra of activity_ |
Different groups of microorganisms that are affected. |
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Narrow-spectrum |
Antibiotics that affect a narrow range of microbes (only certain groups or a few genera). Small targeted less impact on normal flora. |
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Broad-spectrum |
Antibiotics that affect a wide range of microbes ( across different groups, may include gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria). Impacts normal flora |
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What are the 5 targets for action in antibiotics |
1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis 2. Inhibition of protein synthesis translation 3. Inhibition of nucleic Acid replication and transcriptuon. 4. Injury to plasma membrane 5. Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis |
