Medicine Gi Anatomy

Front 1

Blood supply/ Drainage of the Cervical Esophagus

Back 1

esophageal brances of the vertebral and inferior thyroid arteries
Inferior thyroid veins

Front 2

Buccinator Muscle

Back 2

Innervated by VII.
Pterygomandibular raphe to obicularis oris
Keeps food from accumulating in the vestibule.
Pierced by both parotid duct and V3 (V3 gives mucosal sensation to the internal aspect of the cheeks)

Front 3

Define which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal

Back 3

everything except the transverse and sigmoid colon
AKA Mesocolon - have own messentaries

Front 4

Venous drainage Lg intestine/Rectum

Back 4

SMV/IMV - Portal system
HTN = Hemmhoroids
middle inferior rectal veins -canal system via internal illiac veins

Front 5

Palatopharngeal muscle

Back 5

descends from the soft palate
blends posteriorly with the longitudinal fibers of the salphingophargeous muscle and the pharngeal constrictor muscle
Both make palatopharyngeal folds or arches

Front 6

Palatoglossal muscle

Back 6

descend form the soft palate to the base of the tongue covered with mucosa (fold)

Front 7

Tongue muscles innervates by

Back 7

XII Hypoglossal except for palatoglosis
Recal paralysis of XII - tongue deviates to the ipsilateral side

Front 8

Arterial Supply Nervous system Ileum and Jejunum

Back 8

posterior abdominal wall via vast mesentary
Duodenal Jejunal Junction to the iliocecal junction
Mesentary also transmitts Nervous suppy

Front 9

Histology of the small intestine

Back 9

Villi/Microvilli Simple columnar epithelium enterocytes, gobletcells that cover villi
CRYPTS of Leiberkuhn
Epithelium replaced 3-5d

Front 10

What cervcal nerves hitch a ride with the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 10

C1 and C2 send ventral rami and C2 send spinal sensory rami along XII to the superior root of the cervical ganglion

Front 11

Parietal Mucosa

Back 11

Oxyntic Cells
Walls of Pits
Secrete HCL

Front 12

I eat apples at 8, 10 and 12

Back 12

Esophageal hiatus T10
IVC T8
Thoracic Aorta T12

Front 13

Palintine tonsil is bounded by

Back 13

Oral mucosa and between the palatoglossal folds anteriorly and palatopharyngeal folds posteriorly

Front 14

Pyloric mucosa

Back 14

Less branching of glands
less mucus secretion
G- Cells gastrin secretion

Front 15

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue (innervation and Lympatics)

Back 15

Lymphoid tonsil
IX (glossopharyngeal) sensation and taste

Front 16

Voluntary external anal sphincter

Back 16

Fibers of levator ani and external longitudiunal muscularis blend to give rise to the EAS

S2-4 Pudendal Nerve

Front 17

Nervous supply of the stomach

Back 17

PSN Vagal trunks(A+P)
SN celiac plexus supplied by t5-t9GSN and some X

Front 18

Esophagus

Back 18

Inferior margin of the cricoid cartlidge
Through the mediastinum to the esophageal hiatus (T10)

Front 19

Differances between ileum and Jejunum

Back 19

number and size of Plicae circularis decrease and are absent as make way to ileum
Jejunum larger diameter and thicker walls more vascular( fewre tiers of arcades longer vasa recta
Ileum Peyer Patches

Front 20

Anatomical location of jejunum duodenal junction

Back 20

Few CM left of L2
Suspensory ligament of Treitz

Front 21

Involuntary Internal Anal Sphincter

Back 21

Thickened internal circular part of the muscularis of the distal anal canal

Front 22

Blood supply / drainage of the Thracic esophagus

Back 22

Neighboring intercostal arteries/ superior phrenic arteries
Azygous hemiazygous and accesory hemizygous veins
CAVAL

Front 23

Large intestine Arterial suply SMA

Back 23

ileocolic artery distal ileum appendix cecum and proximal ascending colon
R colic artery distal ascending colon
Middle colic artery Transverse

Front 24

Waldayer's ring

Back 24

Palatine, lingual pharyngela tonsil(Adenoids) within the superior aspect of the nasopharnyx

Front 25

Lg intestine Arterial supply IMA

Back 25

L colic artery descending colon
Sigmoidal arteries sigmoid colon
Superior rectal artery Preoximal rectum

Front 26

What papillae with the foramen cecum divide the tongue into anterior and posterior

Back 26

Vallate Papillae divide the tongue into 2/3 anterior and 1/3 posterior

Front 27

The four Muscles oof Mastication (Innervation and Action)

Back 27

All innervated by V3, Temporalis elevates & closes Masseter elevates & protrudes
Medial Pterygoids elevates side to side grindage
Lateral Pterygoids depresses chin to open jaw

Front 28

Formation of the Common Bile Duct

Back 28

Union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic ducts( L+R Hep's)

Front 29

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

Back 29

Portal vein joins hepatic artery and Common bile duct within the hepatoduodenal ligament

Part of the lesser omentum between liver duodenum and stomach

Front 30

Ligamentum Venousum

Back 30

obliterated ducus venosis
exits porat hepatis and runs in another fissure toward left hepatic vein

Front 31

Relevence of the cecum

Back 31

1st part of the Lg INtestine appendix projects off the cecum and assumes a retrocecal position

Front 32

Innervation of the Lg intestine

Back 32

Sympathetic- SUP/INF messenteric plexus
PSN cecum ascending and Transverse colon - X
Pelvic splanchic nerves carry the rest of the Lg intestine

Front 33

Histology of the Lg Intestine

Back 33

Simple Columnar epithelium
enterocytes goblet cels and simpe tubular glands for mucus
shed every 3-5 days

Front 34

Nervous supply of ileum and jejunum

Back 34

PSN X
SN Celiac plexus

Front 35

The four intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Back 35

Superior
inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

Front 36

Location of the rectosigmoid junction

Back 36

within the pelvis at the level of S3

Front 37

Rectum and Pelvic floor

Back 37

Composed of the levator ani
Retro peritoneal rectum continues inferiorly with the anal canal
Puborectalis muscle sling narrows rectal ampulla into anal canal

Front 38

Rectum Histology

Back 38

Simple columnar epithelium but characteristic mucosal folds are absent in the rectum and anal canal
Distal to canal at anal verge epithelium is replaced by anoderm(modified perianal skin)

Front 39

LES

Back 39

diaphragmatic muscle surrounds esophageal hiatus acts as sphincter at level of the Z line(esophagus and stomach meet)

Front 40

Gastric

Back 40

Body and fundus
Simple straight tubulesin glands
mucus secreting cells cover luminal surface and pits

Front 41

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Back 41

V3 gives sensation and VII gives taste

Front 42

Base of the tongue

Back 42

X gives general and taste to small area of the base of the tongue

Front 43

What 5 muscles of facial expression act on the lower lip?

Back 43

Risorus
Depressor Anguli Oris
depressor labi inferioris
mentalis
platysma

Front 44

Falciform Ligament

Back 44

anterior attached to anterior abdominal wall divides Left and right lobes

Front 45

Arterial Supply Ileum and Jejumum

Back 45

SMA gives 10-15 jejunal ileal branches to arcades and Vasa recta
Ileocolic artery distal ileum and cecum; appendix and proximal ascending colon
SMV drains ileum and jejunum to splenic V to portal vein

Front 46

Ligamentum Teris Hepatis

Back 46

Umbilical vein remnant
ligaments free inferior border then goes into fissure owards the porta hepatis located on inferior surface of liver

Front 47

Submandibular

Back 47

mostly serous
submandibular triangle of anterior cervical triangleempties to floor of the mouth on either side of frenulum

Front 48

All Muscles of facial expression are innervated by Crainal Nerve

Back 48

XII ( Facial)

Front 49

Peptic Mucosa

Back 49

Chief Zymogenic
Base of pits
secrete Pepsin

Front 50

Parotid gland

Back 50

Serous
Superficial lateral surface of face and ear
duct pierces buccinator to 2nd maxillary premolar

Front 51

sublingual

Back 51

Mucus
Floor of the mouth empties directly into floor of the mouth on either side of frenulum

Front 52

Pathway of Bile to the Gall bladder

Back 52

Liver L+R Hepatic Ducts - CBD to the cystic duct to the GB

Front 53

caudate lobe

Back 53

posterior and R of the ligamentum venosum
R of the IVC

Front 54

Blood supply/ Drainage of the Abdominal Esophagus

Back 54

L inferior phrenic and gastric arteries
L inferior phrenic and gastric veins
PORTAL Varicies (HTN)

Front 55

Posterior mediastinum

Back 55

Esophagus
Azygous vein
Thoracic Duct

Front 56

Locaion of the acessory pancreatic duct

Back 56

Superior to the major papilla via the Minor Duodenal papilla of Santorine

Front 57

quadrate lobe

Back 57

anteriorly immediately to the right of the LTH and immediately left of GB

Front 58

Arterial Supply of the stomach
All off the celiac

Back 58

L gastric
Hepatic - R gastric
Splenic L gastroepiploic
Hepatic -- Gastroduodenal- R Gastroepipolic

Front 59

Relevance of teris hepatis and venosum

Back 59

divide the L+ R into quadrate and caudate lobes

Front 60

Describe Deglution

Back 60

Initiation is voluntary(tongue meets palate to push bolus)
Involuntary coordinated contractions(peristalsis -pharngeal plexus Motor X and XI; Sensory IX)
Bolus moved int laryngopharnyx and then to esophagus

Front 61

Glands responsible for neutralizing Chyme

Back 61

Brunner's glands

Front 62

Venous Stomach

Back 62

All follow arterial goes portal

Front 63

What 5 muscles of facial expression act on the upper lip?

Back 63

Levator aguli oris
Zygomaticus Major
Zygomaticus Minor
Levator labii superioris Alaque Nasii

Front 64

Laryngopharnyx

Back 64

epiglottis to inferior margin of the cricoid cartilidge posterior to laryngeal inlet

Front 65

What are the four parts of the duodenum

Back 65

1 Superior
2 Descending(Bile+Pancreatic sec via CBD)
3. Horizontal
4.Ascending(partially Retroperitoneal no mesentary)

Front 66

Innervation of the esophagus

Back 66

X RL motor via GVE ( esophageal plexus)
After Diaphragm LARP
Thoracic sympathetics a little

Front 67

UES

Back 67

Encircing fibers of cricopharyngeal muscle closed during breathing to preclude air from passing

Front 68

The four extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Back 68

palatoglossis
hyoglosis
styloglosis
geniglosis

Front 69

Contrast the difference between muscle in pharnyx to esophagus

Back 69

Pharnyx innner longitudinal and outer circular (Skeletal)
Flipped in the esophagus
The thirds:
Upper Skeletal
Middle Mixed
Lower Smooth

Front 70

Thoracic Duct Vs. Right Lymphatic duct

Back 70

Right Duct: R thoracic cavity/Head/Upper limb
Thoracic duct all else

Front 71

Tania Coli

Back 71

Circumferential sheet of longitudinal muscle that coalesce and radiate from the base of the appendix
Tania help form HAustra which increase the SA of the colon.
Gastric epiploae are fatty projections attached to the Tania

Front 72

Significance of the rectosigmoid junction with respect to the tania coli

Back 72

Tania spread out to envelope the rectum and anal canal in a continous circumferential sheet

Front 73

Trace the path of the large intestine

Back 73

Ascending colon on R side up to R hepatic/colic flexure to transvers to L splenic or colic flexure to descending colon to sigmoid colon and anal canal

Front 74

Arterial/Venous supply & Drainage of the Duodenum

Back 74

Hepatic artery gives rise to Supraduodenal, gastroduodenal and A+P superior pancreatoduodenal.
SMA gives rise to A+P inferior Pancreatoduodenal arteries
Venous via portal system

Front 75

Pathway of bile to the Duodenum? Pancreatic Duct?

Back 75

GB - Cystic- CBD to the DUodenum via Major Duodenal Papilla
Major pancreatic duct joins CBD and passes behind and through oragn proximal to the duodenal wall via the Ampulla of vater

Front 76

Stomach

Back 76

Simple columnar glandular epithelium
Etoh absorbed here
Pg 100 Mini Moore

Front 77

Trace the path of portal blood

Back 77

Portal blood to Sinusoids to Hepatocytes to Central vein to Hepatic Canal Veins to IVC

Front 78

Vascular supply of the liver

Back 78

Portal blood recieves all of the vascular supply of the abdomen

Hepatic artery 1 of three branches of the celiac (L+R supply the whole liver)

Front 79

Vascular supply of the Gall bladder

Back 79

Supplied by the cystic artery usually a branch off the R hepatic artery

Front 80

Innervation of the Liver

Back 80

PSN X
Sympath Celiac Plexus

Front 81

Endocrine Histology of the Pancreas

Back 81

Islets of Langerhas
Alpha Glucagon
B insulin
Delta Somatostatin
Gamma unknown

Front 82

porta hepatis

Back 82

center posterior beteen 2 ligaments the gall bladder and the IVC

Front 83

Lg intestine arterial supply
Internal illiac arteries

Back 83

Middle rectal arteries - rectum
Inferior pudendal arteriy -
inferior rectal arteries -rectum also passes medially acoss the ischianal fossa to the anal canal or anus

Front 84

Non Portal Drainage of the liver

Back 84

Few central veins drain liver to the IVC prior to prior to piercing the diaphragm

Front 85

Define Portal Triad

Back 85

Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein Branch
Few Bile Ductules

Recall: Functional Unit is the lobule (hepatocytes surrounding a central vein)

Front 86

Genaeral Anatomical Location of the Pancreas

Back 86

Poterior abdominal wall; head, neck and uncinate process tucked into c-shaped duodenum anterior to the IVC and Abdominal Aorta. Body and Tail are tucked into hilum of Spleen

Front 87

Histology of the Pancreas

Exocrine

Back 87

Lobulated exocrine cells arranged around tiny central excratory duct aka Acini
Extensive duct system drains alkali enzyme rich fluid into main acessory ducts

Front 88

Vascular supply and innervation of the Pancreas

Back 88

Celiac give rise to the Hepatic arteries and Gastroduodenal which give rise to superior A+P pancreatoduodenal

Splenic gives off branches


SMA elaborates inferior A+P pancreatoduodenal

Innervation

PSN X
Sympth Celiac ganglion

Front 89

The oral cavity is anatomically divided into what two locations/boundries. Histologically composed of

Back 89

1. The vestibule (Space between the lips, gums , gingivae and teeth)
2. Cavity proper(anteriorly by the teeth and gingivae; pallete and the base of the tongue posteriorly)

Stratified Squamous epihelium

Front 90

Obicularis Oris

Back 90

facial muscle found around the circumference of the lips