Medical Terminology Ch. 13

Front 1

acro

Back 1

extremities

Front 2

adreno

Back 2

adrenal glands

Front 3

crino

Back 3

secrete

Front 4

-dipsia

Back 4

thirst

Front 5

gonado

Back 5

gonads

Front 6

-ism

Back 6

condition

Front 7

pancreato

Back 7

pancreatic islets

Front 8

parathyroido

Back 8

parathyroid glands

Front 9

pinealo

Back 9

pineal gland

Front 10

pituitaro

Back 10

pitituary gland

Front 11

poly

Back 11

many

Front 12

somato

Back 12

body

Front 13

thymo

Back 13

thymus

Front 14

thyro/thyroido

Back 14

thyroid gland

Front 15

-tropin

Back 15

to stimulate/act on

Front 16

anabolic steroids

Back 16

chemically related to testosterone, have been used illegally by athletes to increase strength

Front 17

hypercrinism

Back 17

condition caused by excessive secretion of any gland, esp. an endocrine

Front 18

hypocrinism

Back 18

condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, esp. an endocrine gland

Front 19

oxytocin

Back 19

secreted by pituitary; stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

Front 20

acromegaly

Back 20

enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

Front 21

giantism

Back 21

abnormal overgrowth of the body causee by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

Front 22

hyperpituitarism

Back 22

pathology that results in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of pitituary gland

Front 23

hypopituitarism

Back 23

condition of reduced secretion due to the partial or complete loss of the function of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Front 24

pituitarism

Back 24

any disorder of pituitary function

Front 25

pituitary adenoma

Back 25

is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes excess secretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 26

prolactin-producing adenoma

Back 26

aka prolactinoma is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin; causes infertility/impotence

Front 27

diabetes insipidus

Back 27

caused by insufficient production of the antidiuetic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone; causes too much fluid excretion

Front 28

thyroxine

Back 28

one of the primary thyroid hormones; influences the rate of metabolism; secretion controlled by thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 29

calcitonin

Back 29

aka thyrocalcitonin; works w/ parathyroid to regulate calcium in the blood and tissues

Front 30

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Back 30

autoimmune disorder; immune system mistakinly attacks thyroid tissue

Front 31

hypothyroidism

Back 31

aka underactive thyroid; deficiency of thyroid secretion; causes fatique, depression, sensitivity to cold, decreased metabolism

Front 32

cretinism

Back 32

congenital form of hypothyroidism

Front 33

myxedema

Back 33

severe form of adult hypothyroidism; enlarged tongue, puffy hands/face

Front 34

hyperthyroidism

Back 34

conidtion of excessive thyroid hormones in the bloodstream; increased metabolism sweating, nervousness

Front 35

Thyrotoxicosis

Back 35

aka thyroid storm; fatal condition resulting from release of excessive quantities of thyroid hormone into bloodstream

Front 36

Grave's disease

Back 36

autoimmune disorder; form of hyperthyroidism characterized by goiter and or exopthalmos

Front 37

goiter

Back 37

aka thyromegaly is abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland; produces swelling in front of neck

Front 38

exopthalmos

Back 38

abnormal protrusion of eyes

Front 39

chemical thyroidectomy

Back 39

aka radioactive iodine therapy; administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

Front 40

hypocalcemia

Back 40

characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in blood

Front 41

tetany

Back 41

periodic painful muscle spasms

Front 42

hypercalcemia

Back 42

abnormally high levels of calcium in blood

Front 43

electrolytes

Back 43

mineral substances

Front 44

epinephrine

Back 44

aka adrenaline and norepinephrine; stimulates sympathetic nervous system

Front 45

adrenalitis

Back 45

inflammation of adrenal gland

Front 46

addison's disease

Back 46

condition occuring when adrenal glands don't produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone; fatiguq, muscle weakness, weight loss

Front 47

aldosteronism

Back 47

abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

Front 48

pheochromocytoma

Back 48

benign tumor of adrenal medulla; causes it to produce excess epinephrine

Front 49

Cushing's syndrome

Back 49

aka hypercortisolim, caused by prolongd exposure to high levels of cortisol; causes moon face

Front 50

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Back 50

minimally invasive surgial removal of adrenal gland(s)

Front 51

glucagon

Back 51

hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets in response to low blood sugar levels

Front 52

hyperglycemia

Back 52

abnormally high concentration of glucose in blood; esp seen w/ diabetes mellitus

Front 53

polydipsia

Back 53

excessive thirst; symptom of hyperglycemia

Front 54

polyphagia

Back 54

excessive hunger; symptom of hyperglycemia

Front 55

polyuria

Back 55

excessive urination; symptom of hyperglycemia

Front 56

hyperinsulinism

Back 56

excessive secretion of insulin; causes hyperglycemia

Front 57

hypoglycemia

Back 57

abnormally low concentration of glucose in blood

Front 58

insulinoma

Back 58

benign tumor of pancreas; causes hypoglycemia

Front 59

pancreatalgia

Back 59

pain in pancreas

Front 60

pancreatitis

Back 60

inflammation of pancreas

Front 61

diabetes mellitus

Back 61

group of metabolic disorders; causes hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Front 62

gestational diabetes mellitus

Back 62

form of diabets that occurs during some pregnancies; usually disappears after delivery

Front 63

fructosamine test

Back 63

measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks

Front 64

diabetic retinopathy

Back 64

occurs when diabetes damages tiny blood vessels in retina of eye

Front 65

thymosin

Back 65

stimulates maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of immune system

Front 66

thymitis

Back 66

inflammation of thymus gland

Front 67

thymoma

Back 67

usually benign tumor derived from thymus tissue

Front 68

thymectomy

Back 68

surgical removal of thymus gland

Front 69

pinealectomy

Back 69

surgical removal of pineal body

Front 70

testosterone

Back 70

secreted by testicles, stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics

Front 71

estrogen

Back 71

important in the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of menstruation

Front 72

progesterone

Back 72

hormone released during second half of menstrual cycle by corpus luteum in ovary; completes preparations for pregnancy

Front 73

hypergonadism

Back 73

condition of excessive secretion of hormones by sex glands

Front 74

hypogonadism

Back 74

condition of deficient secretion of hormones by sex glands

Front 75

gynecomastia

Back 75

condition of excessive mammary development in males

Front 76

ACTH

Back 76

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 77

ADH

Back 77

antidiuretic hormone

Front 78

DI

Back 78

diabetes insipidus

Front 79

DM

Back 79

diabetes mellitus

Front 80

DRP

Back 80

diabetic retinopathy

Front 81

Epi

Back 81

epinephrine

Front 82

FBS

Back 82

fasting blood sugar

Front 83

FSH

Back 83

follicle-stimulating hormone

Front 84

GDM

Back 84

gestational diabetes mellitus

Front 85

GH

Back 85

growth hormone

Front 86

HBGM

Back 86

home blood glucose monitoring

Front 87

LTH

Back 87

lactogenic hormone

Front 88

MSH

Back 88

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Front 89

OGTT

Back 89

oral glucose tolerance test

Front 90

TSH

Back 90

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Front 91

T3

Back 91

t sub three triiodothyronine

Front 92

T4

Back 92

t sub 4 thyroxine