Medical Terminology Ch. 10

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ambulo

Back 1

walk

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cephalo

Back 2

brain

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concusso

Back 3

shaken together

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contuso

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bruise

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echo

Back 5

sound

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encephalo

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brain

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esthesia

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sensation

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klepto

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to steal

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meningo

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membrane, meninges

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myelo

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spinal cord

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narco

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stupor

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neuri, neuro

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nerve, nerve tissue

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-phobia

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abnormal fear

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psycho

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mind

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somno

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sleep

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meningocele

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congenital herniation of the meninges thru a defect in the skull or spinal column

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hydrocephalus

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condition in which ther is abnormally increased amount of CSF w/in the ventricles of the brain

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meningitis

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inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord caused by bacteria or virus

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Alzheimer's disease

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group of disorders associated w/ degenerative changes in brain structure that lead to progressive memory loss, impaired cognition, personality changes

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cognition

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mental activities associated w/ thinking, learning, memory

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encephalitis

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an inflammation of the brain

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Reye's syndrome

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often fatal, affects all organs but most harmful to brain/liver symptoms are vomiting, listlessness, disorientation, cause unknown

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Parkinson's disease

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chronic degenerative CNS disorder which there is a gradually progressive loss of control over movement resulting from inadequate dopamine in brain, causes muscle tremors, rigidity

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Tetanus

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aka lockjaw is an acute potentially fatal infection of CNS caused by toxin produced by tetanus bacteria

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Amnesia

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memory disturbance marked by total or partial inability to recall past eperiences

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concussion

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violent shaking up or jarring of brain

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cerebral contusion

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bruising of brain tissue as result of head injury, sometimes causing swelling of brain

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cranial hematoma

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collection of blood trapped in tissues of brain

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syncope

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aka fainting is the brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased flow of blood to brain

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lethargy

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lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

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coma

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a profound state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, no speach

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delirium

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potentially reversible condition that comes on suddenly and is often associated w/ high fever, intoxication, or shock.

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dementia

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slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking, and judgement

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cerebrovascular accident

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aka stroke is damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted b/c a blood vessel supplying is blocked or has ruptured

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transient ischemic attack

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aka T-I-A, is the temporary interruption in blood supply to brain, numbness, diziness, blurred vision, loss of balance

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aphasia

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loss of ability to speak, write, and/or comprehend written or spoken word, often caused by brain damage associated w/ stroke

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hemorrhagic stroke

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aka a bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures, sometimes due to aneurysm, less common thatn ischemic, often fatal

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narcolepsy

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sleep disorder consisting of recurring episodes of falling asleep during day

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myelitis

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is an inflammation of the spinal cord

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multiple sclerosis

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progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by scattered patches of demyelination of nerve fibers of brain and spinal cord

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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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aka Lou Gehrig's disease, a degenerative disease of motor nerve celss of brain and spinal cord in which patients become progressively weaker until completely paralyzed minus intellect, eyes, bladder, sensation

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Bell's palsy

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temporary paralysis of seventh cranial nerve, causes drooping only on the affected side of face

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Guillain-Barre syndrome

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aka infectious polyneuritis, inflammation of myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, rapidly worsening msucle weakness, possible temporary paralysis, autoimmune reaction

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sciatica

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inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning tingling along course of nerve in thigh and leg

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tic douloureux

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aka trigeminal neuralgia inflammation of fifth cranial nerve. causes sudden intense brief attacks of sharp pain on one side of side of face and affecting lips gum or cheek

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cerebral palsy

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condition causing poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects and other neurologic deficiencies due to damage that affects the cerebrum

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grand mal epilepsy

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more severe form characterized by generalized seizures (loss of consciousness accoumpanied by shaking all over in group of muscles)

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petit mal epilepsy

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absence epilepsy, milder form of condition causing frequent partial seizures that do not include convulsions

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causalgia

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persistent severe burning pain that follows an injury due to sensory nerve

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hyperesthesia

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condition of excessive sensitivity to stimuli

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paresthesia

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abnormal sensation such as burning or prickling in extremities caused by nerve problems

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peripheral neuropathy

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aka peripheral neuritis painful condition of nerves of hands and feet due to damage of peripheral nerves caused by disease or exposure to toxins

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echoencephalography

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is the use of ultrasound imaging to diagnose a shift in the midline structures of the brain

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electroencephalography

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process of recording the electrical activity of the brain thru the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

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myelography

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radiographic study of spinal cord after injection of contrast medium thru lumbar puncture

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analgesic

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medication that relieves pain w/o affecting consciousness

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amobarbital

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barbiturate used as sedative and hypnotic

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anesthesia

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absence of normal sensation esp sensitivity to pain that is induced by the administration of anesthetic

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epidural anesthesia

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regional anesthesia produced by injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of spine

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electroconvulsive therapy

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aka electroshock therapy controlled convulsion produced by passage of electric current thru brain, performed primarily in treatment of depression/mental disorders

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autistic disorder

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aka autism are a group of conditions in which a young child can't develop normal social relationships compulsively follows repetitive routines and has poor communication skills

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dyslexia

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aka developmental reading disorder, learning disabilitiy causes substandard reading achievment due to inability to process symbols

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delirium tremens

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acute organic brain syndrome due to alcohol w/drawal that causes sweating tremor restlessness anxiety mental confusion hallucination

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schizophrenia

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psychotic disorder causing two or more of following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms

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delusion

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false believe that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to contrary

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hallucination

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sense perception that has no basis in external stimulation

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catatonic behavior

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MARKED BY A LACK OF RESPONSIVENESS, STUPOR, AND TENDENCY TO REMAIN IN FIXED POSTURE

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dysthymia

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aka dysthymic disorder, chronic depression present at least 50 percent of time for more than 2 years

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anxiety disorders

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causes anxiety or fear out of proportion to real danger in a situation, may become chronic w/o treatment

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posttraumatic stress disorder

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development of characteristic symptoms after a traumatic event involving actual or threatened death or injury symptoms include numbed responsiveness to stimuli, anxiety, sleep disorders, persistent reliving, difficulty concentrating

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acrophobia

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fear of heights

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claustrophobia

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fear of enclosed places

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hypochonriasis

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cuases misinterpretation of physical symptoms and fearing that one has serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance

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factitious disorder

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condition in which person acts as if they have physical or mental illness aka munchausen syndrome

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anxiolytic drugs

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aka antianxiety drugs or tranquilizers temporarily suppress anxiety, relax muscles can be sedating, most habit forming

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CT

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computerized tomography

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DT, DT's, DTs

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delirium tremens

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ECT

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electroconvulsive therapy

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EECG

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electroencephalography

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GAD

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generalized anxiety disorder

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LOC

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level of consciousness

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MR

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mental retardation

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MS

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multiple sclerosis

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OCD

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obsessive-compulsive disorder