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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Second Language |
Any language learned in addition to a person's first (native) language. |
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Acquisition |
A passive and unconscious process of learning due to natural interaction. |
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Learning |
An active and conscious process of learning due to formal instruction. |
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Transfer |
Ex: instead of saying "turn on the light," some Chinese-speaking learners of English would say "open the light." |
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Fossilization |
Linguistic errors keep in learner's language. |
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Interlanguage |
The grammar under construction in an L2 learner. |
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Simultaneous bilingualism |
A child receives sufficient input in two languages from birth or early childhood. |
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Sequential bilingualism |
A person speaks two languages, one of which is learnt after puberty. |
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Competence |
Linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language. |
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Ultimate attainment |
Final state or end state of second language acquisition. |
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Input |
The language that the learner is exposed to. |
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Output |
The language that learners produce. |
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i+1 |
Proposed by Krashen that for L2 learning to happen, the input should be slightly more advanced than learner's current level. |
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Heritage language |
The language someone learns at home as a child which is a minority language in society, such as Spanish in a Mexican immigrant family. |
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Poverty of the stimuli |
Ex: learners can acquire something that they have never been exposed to |
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Parameter |
Part of universal grammar that determines variation among languages. |
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Critical period |
A cut-off point after which a person is believed not to be able to fully acquire a language. |
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Complex noun phrase island |
A universal principle that explains why it is not acceptable to say "What did John meet a man who sold?" |
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Language aptitude |
The prediction of how well, relative to other individuals, an individual can learn a foreign language in a given amount of time and under given condition. |
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Integrative motivation |
Learning a language because of a desire to integrate with the target language community, or a genuine interest in the language. |
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Instrumental motivation |
Learning a language for a reward such as high grades or praise. |
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Interaction |
The conversations that L2 learners participate in |
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Grammar-translation method |
A teaching method that emphasizes reading and writing over speaking. |
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Audiolingual method |
Ex: in a French class, students are required by the teacher to memorize and recite dialogues. |
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Behaviorism |
Language is habit. |
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Communicative language teaching |
A teaching method that emphasizes authentic communication. |
