Lifespan Psychology - Chapter 10

Front 1

a family structure resulting from cohabitation or remarriage that includes parent, child, and step-relatives

Back 1

blended, or reconstituted, families

Front 2

children who get a large number of positive and negative votes on self-report measures of peer acceptance

Back 2

controversial children

Front 3

a transitional form of supervision in which parents exercise general oversight while permitting children to be in charge of moment-by-moment decision making

Back 3

coregulation

Front 4

beliefs about how to divide resources fairly

Back 4

distributive justice

Front 5

a series of meetings between divorcing adults and a trained professional who tries to help them settle disputes; aimed at reducing family conflict during the period surrounding divorce

Back 5

divorce mediation

Front 6

a strategy for managing emotion in which the individual controls distress internally and privately when little can be done about an outcome

Back 6

emotion-centered coping

Front 7

in Erickson's theory, the psychological conflict of middle childhood, which is resolved positively when experiences lead children to develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks

Back 7

industry versus inferiority

Front 8

a child custody arrangement following divorce in which the court grants each parent equal say in important decisions about the child's upbringing

Back 8

joint custody

Front 9

attributions that credit success to external factors, such as luck, and failure to low abilitiy; leads to anxious loss of control in the face of challenging tasks

Back 9

learned helplessness

Front 10

attributions that credit success to high ability and failure to insufficient effort; leads to high self-esteem and a willingness to approach challenging tasks

Back 10

mastery-oriented attributions

Front 11

children who are seldom chosen, either positively or negatively, on self-report mesaures of peer acceptance

Back 11

neglected children

Front 12

likability, or the extent to which a child is viewed by a group of agemates as a worthy social partner

Back 12

peer acceptance

Front 13

collectives that generate unique values and standards for behavior and a social structure of leaders and followers

Back 13

peer group

Front 14

a destructive form of peer interaction in which certain children become frequent targets of verbal and physical attacks or other forms of abuse

Back 14

peer victimization

Front 15

the capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling

Back 15

perspective taking

Front 16

an intense, unmanageable fear that leads to persistent avoidance of the feared situation

Back 16

phobia

Front 17

children who get many positive votes on self-report measures of peer acceptance

Back 17

popular children

Front 18

a subgroup of popular children largely made up of 'tough' boys who are athletically skilled, aggressive, and poor students

Back 18

popular-antisocial children

Front 19

a subgroup of popular children who combine academic and social competence

Back 19

popular-prosocial children

Front 20

a strategy of managing emotion in which the child appraises the situation as changeable, identifies the difficulty, and decides what to do about it

Back 20

problem-centered coping

Front 21

children who are actively disliked and get many negative votes on self-report measures of peer acceptance

Back 21

rejected children

Front 22

a subgroup a of rejected children who engage in high rates of conflict, hostility, and hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive behavior

Back 22

rejected-aggressive children

Front 23

a subgroup of withdrawn children who are passive and socially awkward

Back 23

rejected-withdrawn children

Front 24

children who look after themselves while their parents are at work

Back 24

self-care children

Front 25

judgements of one's own abilities, behavior, appearance, and other characteristics in relation to those of others

Back 25

social comparisons

Front 26

Piaget's second stage of moral development, in which children view rules as flexible, socially agreed-on principles that can be revised when necessary; begins around age 10

Back 26

autonomous morality

Front 27

at adolescence, a sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual; involves relying more on oneself and less on parents for direction and guidance and engaging in careful, well-reasoned decision making

Back 27

autonomy

Front 28

the indentity constructed by adolescents who explore and adopt values from both their subculture and the dominant culture

Back 28

bicultural identity

Front 29

a group of about five to seven members who are good friends and, therefore, resemble one another in family background, attitudes, and values

Back 29

clique

Front 30

Kohlberg's second level of moral development, in which moral understanding is based on conforming to social rules to ensure positive human relationships and societal order

Back 30

conventional level

Front 31

a large, loosely organized group consisting of several cliques with similar normative characteristics

Back 31

crowd

Front 32

an enduring aspect of ths self that includes a sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes and feelings associated with that membership

Back 32

ethnic identity

Front 33

increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior; occurs in early adolescence

Back 33

gender intensification

Front 34

Piaget's first satge of moral development, in which children view moral rules as permanent features of the external world that are handed down by authorities and cannot be changed; extends from about 5 to 10 years of age

Back 34

heteronomous morality

Front 35

a well-organized conception of the self, made up of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is solidly committed

Back 35

identity

Front 36

the identity status of individuals who lack both exploration and commitment to self-chosen values and goals

Back 36

identity diffusion

Front 37

the identity status of individuals who lack exploration, and, instead, are committed to ready-made values and goals that authority figures have chosen for them

Back 37

indentity foreclosure

Front 38

the identity status of individuals who are exploring, but are not yet committed to, self-chosen values and goals

Back 38

identity moratorium

Front 39

in Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of adolescence, which is resolved positively when adolescents attain an identity after a period of exploration and inner soul-searching

Back 39

identity versus role confusion

Front 40

the degree to which morality is central to self-concept

Back 40

moral self-relevance

Front 41

Kohlberg's highest level of moral development, in which individuals define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies

Back 41

postconventional level

Front 42

Kohlberg's first level of moral development, in which moral understanding is based on rewards, punishments, and the power of authority figures

Back 42

preconventional level