Life Science Exam 2

Front 1

Anaximander

Back 1

a greek philosopher who entertained the notion that organisms change through time

Front 2

Aristotle

Back 2

a greek philosopher who believed that all living thins can be arraged in a hierarchy, i.e. some organisms are more complex than others. Also he believed that all living things had always existed

Front 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Back 3

he believed that all living things came into beingin their present form, from a divine creation and were created solely for the purpose and pleasure of mankind. But he believed that the pattern of creation was far more complex than previously thought. He came up with the classification system we use today

Front 4

Georges-Louis de Buffon

Back 4

most createures came about by divine creation, BUT species undergo changes, changes caused by a process of degeneration because of nature and time

Front 5

Erasmus Darwin

Back 5

species have historical connection with one another; species change in response to their enviornment and some of these changes can be inherited by offspring

Front 6

James Hutton

Back 6

a geologist who showed that the Earth was produced by a slow and gradual process = Uniformitarianism. Fossils really do tell us something about the earth and its life forms

Front 7

William Smith

Back 7

a geologist who saw that the earth's strata, no matter where found, contianed similar forms of fossils; so it seems that the surface of the earth was formed layer by layer

Front 8

Georges Cuvier

Back 8

a geologist that held that many species that once existed no longer do = extinction

Front 9

Louis Agassiz

Back 9

a geologist that held that extinctions occur with an equal number of new, separate creations

Front 10

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Back 10

1) all species are descended from other species
2) living things are constantly increasing in complexity. from studying fossils he noticed that complex forms come from simpler forms through a progression, which he called "evolution" which was dependent on 2 forces
(1) the inheritance of acquired characterisits: i.e. big muscles from a body building couple would mean big muscles for their offspring
(2) the universal principle: organisms are constantly striving to become more complex, e.g. worm trying to become human

Front 11

Charles Lyell

Back 11

he reverted to uniformitarianism = slow and steady change over a long period of time

Front 12

Charles Darwin

Back 12

he saw different tortoise types came from different islands as did different types of finch and mockingbirds. He saw a constant, continuous change up and down coastlines, and from mountian top to sea level. Organisms had filled new niches and had taken on new roles and characterisitics, based on where they lived

Front 13

Alfred Russell Wallace

Back 13

came to the same conclusions that Darwin did and came up with them independently of him. Wallace actually sent his findings to Darwin, just as Darwin was trying to pull it together. Wallace got little credit

Front 14

Thomas Malthus

Back 14

influenced Darwin and looked at food supplies and other factors that kept populations in check