Life Science Midterm Exam

Front 1

Possible explanations for observations; Scientists test these with experiments

Back 1

hypothesis

Front 2

Defined as the amount of space something occupies

Back 2

volume

Front 3

Used by a life scientist to magnify a living specimen.

Back 3

compound light microscope

Front 4

A set of related hypotheses that are supported by evidence.

Back 4

theory

Front 5

The use of knowledge, tools, and materials to solve problems and accomplish tasks

Back 5

technology

Front 6

Studying how wasps could be used to control fire ant populations is an area in which you might find a ___ working

Back 6

life scientist

Front 7

When researchers use the scientific method, they should

Back 7

repeat or switch the order of steps as needed

Front 8

A scientist who wants to study the possible side effects of a new medicine would want to include what?

Back 8

a control group that received no medicine

Front 9

What tool would a life scientist use to obtain a detailed image of the nerves that branch off a person's spinal cord.

Back 9

MRI

Front 10

What is an advantage of using the International System of units?

Back 10

it gives scientists a common way to share their results.

Front 11

In a scientific experiment, a hypothesis that cannot be tested is always considered to be

Back 11

not useful

Front 12

A _____g object contains the same amount of matter as a 10kg object

Back 12

10,000

Front 13

In the cell membrane, what kind of molecules form two layers

Back 13

phospholipid

Front 14

When a planarian worm is cut in half, each half develops into a whole worm. This is an example of what kind of reproduction?

Back 14

asexual

Front 15

What is sometimes called the blueprints of life?

Back 15

nucleic aid

Front 16

What is the passing of traits from one generation to the next?

Back 16

heredity

Front 17

What refers to all of the chemical activities that an organism's cells perform?

Back 17

metabolism

Front 18

What is a complex carbohydrate manufactured by plants?

Back 18

starch

Front 19

When a duck dives under water, its inner eyelids automatically raise to cover the duck's eyes. In this case the water acts as a...

Back 19

stimulus

Front 20

The molecule that provides energy for cellular processes

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

The subunits of protein

Back 21

amino acids

Front 22

What are some things cells use for energy storage?

Back 22

fats, oils, carbohydrates

Front 23

Which of the following is NOT true of proteins?
a. they are a component of spider webs
b. they protect the cells from energy storage
c. they are the primary source of energy for cells
d. They speed up chemical reactions

Back 23

c. they are the primary source of energy for cells

Front 24

What are 3 parts to the cell theory?

Back 24

The most basic component of any organism is the cell. All cells originate from other cells. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

Front 25

A life scientist who observes the relationship between plants, animals, weather, and soil on a mountaintop is studying an

Back 25

ecosystem

Front 26

Which of the following is not found in plant cells?
a. lysosome
b. ribosome
c. cell membrane
d. Golgi complex

Back 26

a. lysosome

Front 27

Cellulose is found in what type of cells?

Back 27

all plant cells

Front 28

What part of a cell manufactures lipids

Back 28

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 29

Materials are to be released outside the cell are transported to the cell membrane in a small compartment that has pinched off the ______.

Back 29

Golgi complex

Front 30

What are 3 characteristics of bacteria?

Back 30

1) they are prokaryotes
2) their DNA is one long, circular molecule
3) they have a cell membrane

Front 31

____ are made up of various tissues that work together to perform a specific job.

Back 31

organs

Front 32

The role of the cell's ____ is to release energy that can be used to power various processes.

Back 32

mitochondria

Front 33

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ____ to capture energy from the sun.

Back 33

Chloroplasts

Front 34

DNA, the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell, is located in the cell's _____.

Back 34

nucleus

Front 35

Cells that have no membrane-covered organelles are

Back 35

prokaryotic

Front 36

A part of the Golgi complex can pinch off and form a _____ which contains digesting enzymes

Back 36

lysosome

Front 37

What is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Back 37

diffustion

Front 38

Plants produce their own food by what process?

Back 38

photosynthesis

Front 39

Food molecules that are too large to pass easily through the cell membrane can enter by what process?

Back 39

endocytosis

Front 40

Human body cells have 23 pairs of what?

Back 40

Homologous chromosomes

Front 41

The process of cell division in a bacterial cell is called what?

Back 41

binary fission

Front 42

Food particles move through proteins in the cell membrane without using energy in a process called what?

Back 42

passive transport

Front 43

when wilted celery is soaked in water, it becomes crisp again due to what?

Back 43

osmosis

Front 44

Fermentation in animal cells produces what?

Back 44

lactic aid and ATP

Front 45

Oxygen is used to break down food molecules and release energy in a process called what?

Back 45

cellular respiration

Front 46

Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?
a. glucose
b. carbon dioxie
c. water
d. heat energy

Back 46

a. glucose

Front 47

What is used to make glucose in photosynthesis?(3 things)

Back 47

1) H20
2)CO2
3) light energy

Front 48

What kind of plant produces offspring with the same traits as the parent?

Back 48

true breeding

Front 49

The physical expression of an organism's genes is its _____.

Back 49

phenotype

Front 50

Each parent donates a set of instructions to its offspring known as what?

Back 50

genes

Front 51

When Mendel performed genetic crosses, the traits that seemed to vanish were what kind of traits?

Back 51

recessive

Front 52

Eggs and sperm are what?

Back 52

sex cells

Front 53

Alleles may be what two things?

Back 53

dominate, recessive

Front 54

If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how many possible genotypes can be found in the offspring?

Back 54

3

Front 55

how many chromosomes are present in a normal human sex cell?

Back 55

23

Front 56

if a purple flower with the genotype Pp(P=purple p=white) self polinates, the ratio of purple offspring to white offspring would be what?

Back 56

three purple: one white

Front 57

What is probability?

Back 57

the mathematical chance that an event will occur.

Front 58

Genes are composed of subunits known as ___.

Back 58

nucleotides

Front 59

Chargaff's rules state that the amount of _____ in DNA is always equal to the amount of guanine.

Back 59

cytosine

Front 60

What is genetic engineering?

Back 60

it allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another.

Front 61

What is a tool for tracing a genetic trait through generations of a family?

Back 61

pedigree

Front 62

Asbestos and Chemicals found in cigarette smoke are examples of chemical _____.

Back 62

mutagens

Front 63

How many bases does the code for a given amino acid consist of?

Back 63

3

Front 64

What materials make up each nucleotide in a DNA molecule?

Back 64

a sugar, phosphate, and a base

Front 65

Most genetic disorders suck as sickle cell anemia are due to a _____.

Back 65

recessive gene

Front 66

What is the complementary strand to the DNA sequence TAGTCA?

Back 66

ATCAGT

Front 67

Which of the following statements is false?
a. the environment has no influence on a person's traits.
b. Several genes may affect a single trait.
c. a single gene can affect more than one trait.
d. a mutation can affect the traits of an organism.

Back 67

a. the environment has not influence on a person's traits.

Front 68

Genetic engineering is currently used to do what?

Back 68

Genetically alter plants, repair damaged genes, manufacture proteins

Front 69

What can cause sickle cell anemia?

Back 69

a change in the order of bases in a person's DNA

Front 70

A pine tree is a member of the kingdom ____.

Back 70

Plantae

Front 71

Some members of the kingdom Protista have _____.

Back 71

flagella

Front 72

What are the seven levels of classification from general to specific?

Back 72

kingdom, phyllum, class, order, family, genus, species

Front 73

Linnaeus is known for ______.

Back 73

Founding the science of taxonomy

Front 74

Organisms in the kingdom _____ usually move by themselves and have advanced nervous systems that allow them to respond to their environment.

Back 74

Animalia

Front 75

The scientific name for the common house cat is Felis domesticus. What is it's species name?

Back 75

domesticus

Front 76

What are 3 characteristics of Eubacteria?

Back 76

1) they live in the human intestines,
2) the convert milk to yogurt
3) they cause ear infections (or other sicknesses)

Front 77

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

Back 77

they absorb them from their surroundings using digestive juices.

Front 78

Which kingdom's members include such organisms as the mold that grows on bread?

Back 78

fungi

Front 79

Orders of organisms are further broken down into what classification?

Back 79

family

Front 80

Two organisms that are in the same class will also be in the same ____.

Back 80

phylum

Front 81

Some organisms in the kingdom ____ are able to live inside the human body.

Back 81

Eubacteria