Life Science Exam 3

Front 1

phylum proifera

Back 1

"to have pores" = Sponges
- mulitcellular, but a loose aggregation, no tissues
- not mobile as adults
- asexual and sexually reproduce
- they produce a wide array of complex chemicals, which have very complex chemical structure

Front 2

phylum cnidaria

Back 2

"to sting, like a nettle" = jellyfish, sea anemones and corals
- multicellular, with 2-3 tissues (germ layers)
- 3rd tissue missing, but is replace by non-cellular "jelly" = mesoglea
- special stinging cells = cnidoblasts
- inject chemical toxins
- 2 body forms: Polyp and Medusae
- polyp forms are colonial and can produce asexually

Front 3

phylum platyhelminthes

Back 3

"flat, worms" = flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms
- all 3 embryonic germ layers (ecto-, meso-, endoderm)
- 2 way digestive tract
- nervous system, circulatory system
- no body cavity = acoelomate
- phenomenal = powers of regeneration

Front 4

phylum nemertinea

Back 4

"like a ribbon" = ribbon worms
- "false cavity" = pseudocoel between endo and mesoderm
- often living in marine muds and sands

Front 5

phylum nematoda

Back 5

"nemo" = round = roundworms
- pseudocoelomate
- most abundant worm
- most known: parasitic forms = human problems
- humans are very susceptible

Front 6

phylum mollusca

Back 6

"molli" = soft = snails, slugs, octopus and squid, clams
- 2nd largest invertebrate group
- usually with hard calcium-carbonate shell
- true body cavity = coelom
- radula for freeding and protection/defense
- increasing complexity of the nervous system
- gills
-nephridia = beginning of a kidney system

Front 7

phylum annelida

Back 7

"annulus" = ring = truly segmented worms, e.g. earthworms, leeches
- segmented both internally and externally
- coelom, but divided in compartments by metameres
- blood flows in vessels

Front 8

onychophorans

Back 8

a group that acts as a link between annelids and "arthropods"

Front 9

phylum anthropoda

Back 9

"anthro" = jointed; "poda" = legs or feet = crabs, shrimps, insects, spiders
- largest invertebrate group
- largest group in the kingdom animalia
- 3 subphyla which are now new phyla
- small size and specialization in diet and habitiat
- exoskeleton = chitin (carbohydrate)
- body segmented externally, but often fused together
- coelom
- jointed appendages
- Hormones which regulate different life stages, e.g. butterfly
- flight
- compound eye

Front 10

phylum echinodermata

Back 10

sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars
- NOT bilaterally symmetric as adults, only in larval stage, adults = radially symmetric
- coelomate and "internal" skeleton
- water vascular system with tube feet
- pentamerous radial symmetry
- ability to regenerate lost parts
- deuterstome

Front 11

phylum chordata

Back 11

- 3 subphyla that are now new phyla
- deuterostome
- notochord (a "backbone" or support structure in those with no skeleton)
- dorsal, hollow nerve cord
- pharyngeal (by the throat) gill slits
- post-anal tail
- phylum urochordata = sea squirts or tunicates
- phylum cephalochordata = odd group
- phylum vertebrata = horse, fish, whales, etc

Front 12

phylum vertebrata

Back 12

- class: "cartilaginous fish" = sharks - all the skeletons are made of cartilage
- class: "true bony fish" = ossified = not only caritlage but also calcium phosphate bones
- class amphibia = frogs, toads, salamanders
- class reptilia = lizards, snakes, etc - development of "amniotic egg" and dry scales
- class aves = birds - also amniotic egg and feathers, tendency towards bipedalism
- class mammalia = mammals with hair, mammary glands, endothermic, homeothermic

Front 13

monotreme

Back 13

egg laying mammals

Front 14

marsupial

Back 14

give birth to under developed young, e.g. kangeroos

Front 15

placental

Back 15

normal "human-like" birth