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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by
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5α-reductase
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FETAL Leydig cells
*stimulated by *produce |
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
testosterone |
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testosterone stimulates wolffian ducts to develop into (4)
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epididymis
ductus (vas) deferens seminal vesicles ejaculatory ducts |
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the Mullerian ligament degenerates due to the production of __________ by ______ cells
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anti-Mullerian substance
Sertoli cells |
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DHT stimulates the development of (3)
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penis
scrotum prostate |
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_______ and ______ are necessary for the development of unambiguous external genitalia
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5α-reductase
DHT receptors |
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bound circulating testosterone is bound to (2)
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sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
albumin |
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in the cytoplasm, free testosterone binds to
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androgen receptor
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LH from anterior pituitary stimulates Leydig cells to synthesize
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enzymes and other proteins necessary for the biosynthesis of testosterone
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FSH from anterior pituitary stimulates Sertoli cells to synthesize (4)
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androgen binding protein (ABP)
aromatase growth factors (necessary for testosterone production by Leydig cells) inhibins (negatively feedback to anterior pituitary and hypothalamus) |
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function of inhibins
*paracrine function *endocrine function |
stimulation of Leydig cell mitosis
negative feedback on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis |
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Spermatogenesis is initiated at puberty by _____ via _____ cells and supported by _____-driven increases in _____
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FSH
Sertoli cells LH testosterone |
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DHT, estrogen and/or testosterone:
intrauterine penis, scrotum, urethra and prostate development: intrauterine differentiation of epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens and seminal vesicles: feedback suppression of gonadotropic secretion: imprint male pattern of gonadotropins, sex drive and behavior: larynx (male voice): skeleton: upper body fat: muscle mass: rbc's: liver (increased VLDL, increased LDL, decreased HDL): sperm production: pubertal development of seminal vesicles and penis: pubertal development of sebum formation, beard growth and prostate: |
intrauterine penis, scrotum, urethra and prostate development: DHT
intrauterine differentiation of epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens and seminal vesicles: testosterone feedback suppression of gonadotropic secretion: DHT and testosterone imprint male pattern of gonadotropins, sex drive and behavior: DHT, estrogen (esp. sex drive) and testosterone larynx (male voice): testosterone skeleton: estrogen upper body fat: testosterone muscle mass: testosterone rbc's: testosterone liver (increased VLDL, increased LDL, decreased HDL): testosterone sperm production: DHT, estrogen and tesosterone pubertal development of seminal vesicles and penis: DHT and testosterone pubertal development of sebum formation, beard growth and prostate: DHT |
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SNS components of erection, emission and ejaculation (3)
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hypogastric nerve
cavernous nerve pelvic plexus (T11-L2) |
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PNS components of erection, emission and ejaculation (3)
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pelvic nerve
cavernous nerve pelvic plexus (S2-S4) |
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Sensory component of erection, emission and ejaculation
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dorsal nerve (travels to spinal cord via pudendal nerve)
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relaxation of vascular smooth muscle supplying the corpora associated with erection is due to (2)
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stimulation of PNS fibers in the cavernous nerve
reduction in SNS tone in hypogastric and cavernous nerves and pelvic plexus |
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erection mechanism
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NO (NO decreases intracellular Ca via a cGMP mediated mechanism)
*elevated cGMP levels leads to enhanced vasodilatory response* |
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contraction of ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles (skeletal muscles) to increase engorgement of corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum is due to
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stimulation of somatic fibers in the pudendal nerve
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contraction of vascular smooth muscle of distal epididymis, vas deferens and accessory sex glands to actively propel semen into prostatic urethra is due to
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stimulation of SNS fibers of hypogastric nerve
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