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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ileal contraction and ileocecal sphincter relaxation is stimulated by
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gastrin
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ileocecal sphincter contraction is stimulated by (2)
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cecum distention
cecum irritation |
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mass movements are facilitated by (4)
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gastrocolic reflex
duodenocolic reflex PNS stimulation (e.g., emotion) over-distension of the colon |
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movement of feces into the rectum initiates weak intrinsic contractions in (3)
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descending colon
sigmoid colon rectum |
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PNS defecation relex involves
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pelvic nerves (from sacral cord)
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forward movement of feces produces contraction of
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external anal sphincter
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causes of steatorrhea (4)
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pancreatic disease (failure to produce and/or release pancreatic enzymes)
increased gastrin secretion bile acid deficiency decreased number of enterocytes (e.g., sprue, failed apoprotein B synthesi) |
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large intestine absorbs Cl via
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HCO3/Cl exchanger
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relative [HCO3] in feces
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low [HCO3] in feces
(due to bacteria producing organic acids which combine with HCO3 to form CO2 and H2O) |
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causes of diarrhea (3)
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viruses and bacteria (increase cAMP and inhibit NaCl reabsorption)
PNS stimulation (psycholgenic) long distance running (all 3 causes increased colon motility and secretion) |
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% composition of solid feces (5)
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30% dead bacteria
30% undigested roughage and digestive matter (bile pigments, sloughed epithelial cells) 10-20% fat 10-20% inorganic matter 2-3% protein |
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brown color of feces is due to (2)
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stercobilin
urobilin (derivatives of bilirubin) |
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white or pale stool (acholic) is due to (2)
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jaundice
bile duct blockage |
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components of vomiting (emesis) relex (2)
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vomiting center (in the medulla near the NTS)
chemoreceptor trigger zone (floor of 4th ventricle) |
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function of vomiting center
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integrates activity from GI tract directly and from the vestibular system and cortex through the chemoreceptor trigger zone
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first step in vomiting (emesis)
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reverse peristalsis (GI contents are pushed back to duodenum and stomach)
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second step in vomiting (emesis)
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activation of vomitting center
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vomiting center activation results in (6)
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a deep breath
glottis closes strong downward contraction of diaphragm contraction of abdominal wall muscles relaxation of lower esophageal spincter (LES) expulsion of GI contents |
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flatus is composed of (6)
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nitrogen
hydrogen carbon dioxide methane oxygen odiferous gases (small amounts) |
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IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) is caused by (2)
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hypersensitivity
augmented gastrocolic reflex |
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Pseudoobstruction is
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intestinal obstruction in the absence of mechanical obstruction
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paralytic ileus
*GI syndrome classification *occurs after *characterized by |
*GI syndrome classification: pseudoobstruction
*occurs after abdominal surgery *characterized by slow waves, but absence of action potentials (so no GI smooth muscle contractions) |
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power propulsion (peristaltic rush) is caused by
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irritation:
-enterotoxins -parasites -allergic reactions |
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power propulsion (peristaltic rush) is
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long-lasting contractions of circular smooth muscle that propagate for extended distances
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