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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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relative T/S (thyroid/serum) ratio in the presence of TSH
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T/S ratio is high due to iodide trapping:
- TSH increases the activity of the Na/I cotransporter located on the basolateral membrane of the thyroid follicular cell |
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peripheral deiodinases are located in (2)
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liver
kidney |
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____ is the major thryoid hormone secreted by the thyroid gland
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T4
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T4 vs. T3
*% bound *biologic potency (activity) *% oral absorption |
T4
*% bound: 99.96% *biologic potency (activity): 1 (more T4 bound than T3) *% oral absorption: 75-90% T3 *% bound: 99.6% *biologic potency (activity): 4 (because less T3 is bound than T4) *% oral absorption: 95% |
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circulating T4 & T3 is bound to
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thyroxin binding globulin (TBG)
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thyroid hormones induces the transcription and translation of (5)
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Na/K pump
gluconeogenic enzymes respiratory enzymes myosin heavy chain beta adreneric receptors |
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hypothyroidism:
*BMR *gluconeogenesis *glycogenolysis *serum [glucose] *protein synthesis *protein proteolysis *lipogenesis *lipolysis *serum [cholesterol] *thermogenesis *serum [catecholamines] *bowel function |
*BMR: decreased
*gluconeogenesis: decreased *glycogenolysis: decreased *serum [glucose]: normal *protein synthesis: decreased *protein proteolysis: decreased *lipogenesis: decreased *lipolysis: decreased *serum [cholesterol]: elevated (less readily metabolized) *thermogenesis: decreased *serum [catecholamines]: normal *bowel function: decreased (constipation) |
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hyperthyroidism
*BMR *gluconeogenesis *glycogenolysis *serum [glucose] *protein synthesis *protein proteolysis *lipogenesis *lipolysis *serum [cholesterol] *thermogenesis *serum [catecholamines] *bowel function |
*BMR: increased
*gluconeogenesis: increased *glycogenolysis: increased *serum [glucose]: normal *protein synthesis: increased *protein proteolysis: increased (leads to muscle wasting) *lipogenesis: increased *lipolysis: increased *serum [cholesterol]: decreased (increased metabolism) *thermogenesis: increased *serum [catecholamines]: normal (however, increased sensitivity to catecholamines due in increased expression of beta adrenergic receptors) *bowel function: increased (diahrrea) |
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TSH release is inhibited by (2)
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somatostatin
dopamine |
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clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism
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elevated BMR
tachycardia sweating heat-intolerance nervousness muscle-wasting and weakness tremor difficulty sleeping changes in hair growth and skin texture toxic goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) exophthalmos localized mucopolysaccharide deposition (under eyes) eyelid retraction thyroid storm |
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lab values for a pt. with hyperthyroidism
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presence of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
decreased TSH (T4 & T3 negative feedback) increases thyroid hormone |
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clinical presentation of hypothyroidism
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decreased BMR
cold-intolerance lethargy headache skin changes constipation non-toxic goiter (enlarged thyroid gland due to increased colloid deposition - colloid/TG lacks associated TH) general mucopolysaccharide deposition (face) myxedema coma |
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lab values for a pt. with hypothyroidism
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anti-thyroid antibodies
increased TSH (no T4 & T3 negative feedback) decreased TH |
