Lecture 4 - The Integumentary System

Front 1

what is included in the integument

Back 1

skin, nails, hair, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Front 2

the integument is __ % of total body weight

Back 2

7-8

Front 3

T/F the integument is the largest organ of the body

Back 3

TRUE

Front 4

how thick is skin

Back 4

1.5 - 4 mm depends on abrasion

Front 5

how much skin area wise

Back 5

1.5-2 square meters

Front 6

what are the function of the integument

Back 6

Protection
Prevent loss of water
Temperature regulation
Metabolic regulation
Immune defense
Sensory receptors
Excretion by means of secretion

Front 7

what are the __ layers of the integument

Back 7

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis( not actually part of integument)

Front 8

what main type of tissue is epidermis made of

Back 8

Epithelial

Front 9

what main type of tissue is dermis made of

Back 9

connective

Front 10

what main type of tissue is hypodermis made of

Back 10

connective

Front 11

what type of epithelial tissue are the epidermal layers made of

Back 11

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 12

what are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial

Back 12

bsglc

stratum basale
statum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
statum corneum

Front 13

what cells are the pigment of the epidermis

Back 13

melanocytes

Front 14

what type of cells lose their nucleus and slough off the epidermis

Back 14

keratinocytes

Front 15

what types of cells are in the epidermis

Back 15

keratinocytes
epidermal dendritic cells
tactile cell (merkel cells)
melanocytes

Front 16

what are the __ factors of skin color

Back 16

3
blood - hemoglobin
melanin - amount of pigment not amount of melanocytes
carotene - carrots

Front 17

what is a nevus

Back 17

mole or birthmark

overgrowth of melanin-forming cells
harmless unless mutated and becomes malignant

Front 18

what are freckles

Back 18

Yellowish or brown spots from excessive melanocyte activity, not increased melanocyte cells

Front 19

Hemangioma

Back 19

Proliferation of blood vessels
Bright red to deep purple in color

Front 20

Friction ridges (fingerprints)

Back 20

Formed by large folds and valleys of the dermis and epidermis

Front 21

what are the characteristics of the dermis

Back 21

two layers
papillary layer
reticular layer
vascular
innervated

Front 22

what type of connective tissue is the papillary layer of the dermis made of

Back 22

areolar Connective tissue

Front 23

what type of connective tissue is the reticular layer of the dermis made of

Back 23

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 24

what are striae and what causes them

Back 24

stretch marks

torn collagen in the dermis

Front 25

what causes wrinkles

Back 25

decreased flexibility and thickness of dermis

Front 26

what are cleavage lines

Back 26

orientation of collagen bundles

Front 27

T/F a wound that is perpendicular to the cleavage lines are easier to close

Back 27

F

Front 28

what is the structure of the hypodermis

Back 28

areolar and adipose connective tissue
not considered part of teh integument

Front 29

what are the functions of the hypodermis

Back 29

anchors skin to underlying structures
thermal insulation
energy reservoir

Front 30

Know by heart

Back 30

Front 31

what are finger nails mostly made up of

Back 31

Hard keratin

Front 32

what are the structures of teh fingernail

Back 32

nail matrix
lunula
cuticle
free edge

Front 33

what are the __ types of hair

Back 33

3
Lanugo
vellus
terminal

Front 34

where is lanugo hair found

Back 34

fetal

Front 35

where is vellus hair found

Back 35

fine hair on most of the body

Front 36

where is terminal hair found

Back 36

head, pubic, armpit,facial hair

Front 37

what are teh functions for hair

Back 37

protection
sense touch
reduce heat loss

Front 38

what is the structure of hair

Back 38

foolicle root and shaft
keratin
arrector pili muscle

Front 39

how fast does hair grow

Back 39

2mm a week

Front 40

what are the growth cycles of hair

Back 40

active phase (2-7 yrs)
dormant phase (3-4month)

Front 41

what are some of teh reason for baldin

Back 41

alopecia (hair thinning)
diffuse hair loss
male pattern baldness

Front 42

what are the influences of male pattern baldness

Back 42

genetic
hormonal
testosterone causes terminal hair to be replaced by vellus

Front 43

what are the __ types of exocrine glands in the integument

Back 43

2

sebaceous(oil)
sudoriferous(sweat)

Front 44

what do sebaceous glands produce

Back 44

sebum

Front 45

what are the __ types of sudoriferous glands

Back 45

merocrine
apocrine

Front 46

where are mercrine glands foudn

Back 46

most numerous
produce watery sweat

Front 47

where are apocrine glands found and what do they produce

Back 47

axillary, nipple, anal, and genital areas
produce viscous sweat

Front 48

what cause acne

Back 48

plugged sebaceous ducts

Front 49

what are the three types of burns

Back 49

first second and third degree

Front 50

what does a first degree burn damage

Back 50

epidermis

Front 51

what does a second degree burn damage

Back 51

epidermis and part of dermis

Front 52

what does a 3rd degree burn damage

Back 52

entire epidermis and dermis

Front 53

what are th caharcteristics of basal cell carcinoma

Back 53

most common
least dangerous
originates in statum basale

Front 54

what cell type does squamous cell carcinoma come from

Back 54

arises fro keratinocytes

Front 55

characteristics of malignant melanoma

Back 55

most deadly
arises from melanocytes ( usually presxisting mole)
early detection is crucial

Front 56

what is the abcd rule of malignant melanoma recognition

Back 56

A - assymetry
B - border
C - color
D - diameter