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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immune Response Phase 1: 0-4 hours
Non-induced Innate Response |
Extremely NON-SPECIFIC
Preformed defenses (skin, mucosa, pH, saliva); no need for acitvation Prevent multiplication/prevent other organisms from colonizing |
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Immune Response Phase 2: 4-9 hours
Induced Innate Response |
BROADLY specific
Complement activation (30 preformed proteins, must be activated in specific order) Phagocytosis Inflammation (increase tissue permeability) Target cell lysis (NK cells, complement cascade) |
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Immune Response Phase 3: Over 96 hours/after 4 days
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE |
HIGHLY SPECIFIC
B cells and T Cells (Ag-recognition receptors), antibodies |
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Characteristics: Innate Immunity
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Components present PRIOR to infection onset, not specific
Recognizes CLASSES of molecules unique to pathogens (PAMPs: pathogen associated molecular patterns) Present from birth |
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Infection Barrier: SKIN
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Physical barrier: 1.5 mm thick, dry surface = bad for microbe growth, sloughing off keratinocytes removes bad microbes
Environmental barrier: -Sweat: salt, lysozyme - Sebaceous gland: ph 5.5 - alpha, beta-defensins: small cationic peptides, disrupt bacterial cells wall=> lysis - RNases, DNases Biologic barrier: Commensal microbes inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth; intraepithelial lymphocytes |
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Infection Barrier: Respiratory Tract
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Physical barrier:
Upper tract: nose to bronchioles Mucous (trap microbes), Cilia (expel microbes, sneeze/cough) Environmental barrier: Upper: nose to bronchioles: temp = cool Lower: terminal bronchioles to alveoli: surfactants, collectins (tail interacts with phagocyte receptor, stimulate microbe phagocytosis; head binds sugars on microbes) Both: Beta-defensins lyse bacteria |
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Infection Barrier: GI, urogenital tracts
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Goblet cells: mucous
Specialized cells: acid => stomach, very low pH Salivary glands of GI: digestive enzymes/lysozyme Specialized cells: microsidal molecules (alpha-defensins) Commensal microbes: infections frequent if antibiotics kill normal flora Vagina: lactobacilli produces lactic acid: pH 4.4-4.6 |
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Biological Barrier: Types I Interferons (alpha/beta)
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-mediate EARLY innate response to viruses (=inducers)
-induces ANTIVIRAL STATE on uninfected cells -enhance adaptive response -INHIBIT VIRAL REPLICATION -INCREASE MHC class I expression (viral infection) -Increase NK cell cytotoxicity -Induce IL-2R => promote TH1 alpha - treats Hep C/viral Hep alpha and beta: treat MS |
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C Reactive Protein (CRP)
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Acute phase protein
Expression upregulated by TNF, IL-1, IL-6 (early after infection) Opsonin: like collectin; makes microbe targetted for phagocytosis ACTIVATES COMPLEMENT PATHWAYS!!! |
