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20 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Finasteride, used to assist patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia , acts on which enzyme to inhibit conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?

5 alpha reductase
Muddy brown casts in a urinalysis is a clue towards which renal process?
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Which form of nephrotic syndrome is most associated with heroin use?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
What type of kidney stones are often implicated in recurrent UTIs?
Struvite (Magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones
What are the organisms that may lead to struvite stones?
Urea-splitting bacteria (Proteus, Klebsiella, or Pseudomonas)
What is the gold standard imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?
Noncontrast spiral CT
What kidney stones are most commonly missed on plain xrays?
Uric acid stones
Which type of renal tubular acidosis is associated with defect in proximal bicarbonate absorption?
Renal tubular acidosis type II
Which renal disorder can present both as nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
What is the goal hemoglobin level in patients with end stage renal disease?
11-12 g/dl (higher than this can increase risk of embolism or strokes)
Which subtype of nephrotic syndrome is most commonly associated with hepatitis B infections?
Membranous nephropathy
Besides rhabdomyolysis, what three major conditions will produce blood in the urine without seeing RBCs in urine?
Contamination with povidine, vitamin C excess, Paroxsysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient on hemodialysis with skin ulcerations and an elevated calcium-phosphate product?
Calciphylaxis
Which form of nephrotic syndrome is often associated with lithium use?
Minimal change disease
Proxmimal bicarbonate reabsorption is seen in which renal tubular acidosis type?
Renal tubular acidosis type 2
Excessive ingestion of licorice can lead to which electrolyte abnormality?
Hypokalemia
NSAIDS are known to cause allergic interstitial nephritis without eosinophils. What other class of medication is known to cause allergic interstitial nephritis without eosinophils about 33% of the time?
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
How many days after aminoglycoside use can acute tubular necrosis arise?
4-5 days
What would you expect the C3 complement levels to be (increased/decreased/same) in a patient with post-infectious glomerulonephritis?
Decreased
What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis throughout the world?
IgA Nephropathy