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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the joints of the elbow and forearm complex? |
1. Humeroulnar 2. Humeroradial 3. Proximal radioulnar 4. Distal radioulnar |
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What are the four bones that relate to the function of the elbow and forearm complex?
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1. Scapula 2. Distal Humerus 3. Radius 4. Ulna |
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What are the three bony features of the scapula that are important to the muscles of the elbow?
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1. Coracoid process 2. Supraglenoid tubercle 3. Infraglenoid tubercle |
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About how many degrees does the forearm project laterally if the the forearm is supinated and the elbow is extended. |
15-20 degrees |
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What is the natural outward angulation of the forearm within the frontal plane called? |
Normal cubital valgus |
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In the elbow, what is the primary function of the collateral ligaments? |
Limit excessive varus and valgus deformation |
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What are the three supporting structures of the elbow joint? |
1. Articular capsule 2. MCL 3. LCL
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A fall onto an outstretched and supinated arm can result in injury to which ligament in the elbow? |
MCL |
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What is the terrible triad injury? |
1. Elbow joint dislocation 2. Radial head fracture 3. Fracture of ulna's coronoid process |
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How many degrees of elbow movement do typical activities of daily living use? |
-100 degree arc of motion -Between 30-130 degrees of flexion |
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What two joints comprise the forearm?
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1. Proximal radioulnar 2. Distal radioulnar |
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What are the three supporting structures of the proximal and distal radioulnar joint? |
1. Annular ligament 2. Distal radioulnar joint capsule 3. Interosseous membrane |
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How do people who lack range of motion in pronation and supination compensate? |
Internal or external shoulder rotation |
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What membrane helps to attach the ulna to the radius? |
Interosseus membrane |
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Because of the interosseous membrane's unique fiber direction, what does it help to do? |
Force transfer |
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Total paralysis of all elbow flexors requires damage to how many nerves? |
All three |
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Total paralysis of the elbow extensor muscles requires damage to how many nerves? |
One. Radial nerve. |
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What do any elbow flexor muscle that attaches distally to the radius do? |
Pronate and supinate the forearm |
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What is the muscle of choice for essentially all elbow flexion activities? |
Brachialis
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Because the biceps is also a shoulder extensor, what muscles must become active to neutralize unwanted shoulder flexion? |
Shoulder extensor muscles |
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A muscle without a functioning antagonist is at high risk for what? |
Contracture |
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When a muscle becomes tight, over-shortened, or contracted, this will create what? |
Posture that reflects all of its potential actions |
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Where must a muscle be placed for maximal stretching? |
Position opposite to all of its actions |
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What are the two primary elbow extensors? |
1. Triceps brachii 2. Anconeus |
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What are the two primary supinators? |
1. Biceps brachii 2. Supinator |
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What are the two secondary supinators? |
1. Extensor pollicis longus 2. Extensor indicis |
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What two muscles are the primary pronators? |
1. Pronator teres 2. Pronator quadratus |
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What two muscles are the secondary pronators? |
1. Flexor carpi radialis 2. Palmaris longus |
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How can the shoulder flex when the long head of the triceps is active? |
Anterior deltoid overpowers shoulder extension torque of long head of triceps |
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What are the two requirements that muscles must meet to pronate or supinate the forearm. |
1. Originate on humerus, ulna, or both, and insert on radius or hand 2. Must have line of force that intersects AOR of forearm joints |
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Which muscles can supinate or pronate? |
Brachioradialis |
