Ther Ex: Ch.1 Foundational Concepts Kuyabic

Front 1

Define therapeutic exercise.

Back 1

Systematic, planned performance of physical movements, postures, or activities intended to provide a patient/client with the means to:

- Remediate or prevent impairments

- Improve, restore, enhance activity

- Prevent/reduce risk factors

- Optimize health, fitness, well-being

Front 2

Define balance.

Back 2

Ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body (COM) within the available base of support without falling; ability to move the body in equilibrium with gravity via interaction of the sensory and motor systems.

Front 3

Define cardiopulmonary endurance.

Back 3

Ability to perform moderate-intensity, repetitive, total body movements over an extended period of time. (aka Cardiopulmonary fitness.)

Front 4

Define coordination.

Back 4

The correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing combined with the appropriate intensity of muscular contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding, and grading of movement.

Front 5

Define flexibility.

Back 5

Ability to move freely, without restriction. Mobility.

Front 6

Define muscle performance.

Back 6

Capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work. Strength, power, muscular endurance.

Front 7

Define neuromuscular control.

Back 7

Interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables muscles to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information and work in correct sequence to create coordinated movements.

Front 8

Define stability.

Back 8

Ability of neuromuscular system to hold body in a stationary position or to control a stable base during superimposed movement.

Front 9

Postural control, postural stability, and equilibrium.

Back 9

Used interchangeably with static or dynamic balance

Front 10

List the different types of therapeutic exercise interventions.

Back 10

-Aerobic conditioning

-Strength, power, endurance

exercises

-Stretching

-Stabilization exercises

-Postural control and balance training

-Relaxation exercises

-Breathing exercises and ventilatory

muscle training

Front 11

A movement in the healthcare field to do what two things?

Back 11

1. Move away from concept that we treat organic pathologies

2. Standardized language (ICF)

Front 12

Why move away from concept that we treat organic pathologies?

Back 12

Does not accurately depict who the person is and what their disabilities are right now.

Front 13

If pathologies and disabilities continue to progress, it leads to what?

Back 13

True disability

Handicap

Front 14

Define disability.

Back 14

How a patient views their role in society.

Front 15

Define handicap.

Back 15

How society views an individual's role in society.

Front 16

What is the difference between limitations and restrictions?

Back 16

Limitation - may be able to do activity in a limited fashion

Restriction - not able to do activity at all

Front 17

What contextual factors, of the ICF framework, influence impact of functioning and disability?

Back 17

Environmental factors

Personal factors

Front 18

Example of personal factors of the ICF framework.

Back 18

Familial

Religious

Racial

Gender

Education

Fitness

Psychological

Front 19

Example of external factors of the ICF framework.

Back 19

Physical

Social

Attitudinal

Front 20

What are impairments in body function?

Back 20

Problems associated with the physiology of the body systems.

Front 21

What are impairments in body structure?

Back 21

Problems with the anatomical features of the body.

Front 22

What are activity limitations?

Back 22

Difficulties in individual may have in executing actions, tasks, and activities.

Front 23

What are participation restrictions?

Back 23

Problems an individual may experience with involvement in life situations.

Front 24

What are contextual factors?

Back 24

The entire background of an individual's life and living situation.

Front 25

What are environmental factors?

Back 25

Factors associated with the physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people conduct their lives.

Front 26

What are personal factors?

Back 26

Features of the individual that are not part of the health condition or health state.

e.g. age, gender, race, lifestyle habits, coping skills, character, affect, cultural and social background, education

Front 27

What are the three types of impairments?

Back 27

Primary

Secondary

Composite

Front 28

What is a primary impairment?

Back 28

An impairment that arises directly from the health condition.

Front 29

What is a secondary impairment?

Back 29

The result of pre-existing impairments.

Front 30

What is a composite impairment?

Back 30

The result of multiple underlying causes arising from a combination of primary or secondary impairments.

Front 31

Define impairment.

Back 31

Loss of integrity of physiological, anatomical, and / or psychological functions and structures of the body.

Front 32

What are the three categories of prevention?

Back 32

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Front 33

What is primary prevention?

Back 33

Activity such as health promotion designed to prevent disease in at-risk population.

Front 34

What is secondary prevention?

Back 34

Early diagnosis and reduction of the severity or duration of existing disease.

Front 35

What is tertiary prevention?

Back 35

Use of rehab to reduce or limit the progression of existing disability and improve function.

Front 36

What is risk factor?

Back 36

Influences or characteristics that predispose a person to impaired functioning and potential disability.

Front 37

What is clinical decision-making?

Back 37

A dynamic, complex process of reasoning and analytical thinking that involves making judgments and determinations in the context of patient care.

Front 38

What is evidence based practice?

Back 38

The use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of a patient.

Front 39

What are the steps of the patient management model?

Back 39

Examination

Evaluation

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Plan

Intervention

Outcomes

Front 40

What are the three elements of a comprehensive examination?

Back 40

Health history

Systems review

Specific tests and measures

Front 41

What is a systems review?

Back 41

A brief but relevant screening of the body systems. It helps to determine which areas of tests and measures will be needed to determine specific diagnoses.

Front 42

Why are specific tests and measures used by physical therapists?

Back 42

It provides information about body function and structure impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

Front 43

What are specific tests and measures?

Back 43

It helps the physical therapist to decide which aspects of physical function require further investigation.

Front 44

What is an evaluation?

Back 44

A process to interpret collected data.

Front 45

What is a diagnosis?

Back 45

A process used to identify an appropriate diagnostic category amenable to physical therapy intervention.

Front 46

What is the diagnostic process?

Back 46

- Collection of data

- Analysis and interpretation of data

- Organization of data (recognition recognition of patterns, formation of diagnostic hypothesis, classification of data into categories)

Front 47

What is a diagnostic category?

Back 47

Identifies and describes patterns from the examination and conclusions from the evaluation.

Front 48

What is a prognosis?

Back 48

A prediction of a patient's expected optimal level of function.

Front 49

What are the components of a plan of care?

Back 49

- Goals

- Outcomes

- Predicted improvement and how long to reach that level

- Interventions

- Frequency and duration of interventions

- Discharge plans

Front 50

What is an intervention?

Back 50

Purposeful interaction of the therapist with a patient, family, caregivers, providers as appropriate.

Front 51

What are outcomes?

Back 51

Results

Front 52

What are functional outcomes?

Back 52

Meaningful outcomes that have an impact on a patient's ability to function at work, in the home, or in the community in ways that have been identified as important by the patient, family, caregivers, employers.

Front 53

What does a discharge plan typically include?

Back 53

A home program, appropriate follow-up, possible referral to community resources, or reinitiation of physical therapy services.

Front 54

What is motor learning?

Back 54

Set of internal processes that involves the acquisition and relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement through practice.

Front 55

What are the types of motor tasks?

Back 55

Discrete

Serial

Continuous

Front 56

What is a discrete task?

Back 56

An action or movement with a recognizable beginning and end. e.g. grasping object

Front 57

What is a serial task?

Back 57

A series of movements that are combined in sequence. e.g. wheelchair transfer

Front 58

What is a continuous task?

Back 58

Repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct beginning and end. e.g. walking

Front 59

What is the first thing of teaching any task?

Back 59

Know the task itself.

Front 60

What is a closed environment?

Back 60

Environment which objects around the patient and the surface on which the task is performed do not move. Minimum distraction.

e.g. eating/drinking while seated, standing at sink washing hands, walking in empty hallway

Front 61

What is an open environment?

Back 61

Environment which objects are other people are in motion or the support surface is unstable during the task. Maximum distraction.

e.g. standing on moving bus, crossing busy intersection, walking in crowded hallway

Front 62

What is intertrial variability?

Back 62

Changing the conditions of what patient is doing.

Front 63

What is body stable or body transport mean?

Back 63

Doing something statically or physically moving. e.g. activity on solid ground vs on unstable ground like a boat

Front 64

What is the significance of manipulation of objects being absent or present?

Back 64

Performing tasks with or without upper extremity activities affects the difficulty of the tasks.

Front 65

What is the cognitive stage of motor learning?

Back 65

Figuring out what to do. Talking oneself through and trying to get the "feel" of the task.

Front 66

What is the associative stage of motor learning?

Back 66

Still need a little bit of help, fine-tuning, and coaching, but have it for the most part.

Front 67

What is the autonomous stage of motor learning?

Back 67

Movements are automatic. Do not have to think about the task.

Front 68

What are some pre-practice considerations?

Back 68

-Patient understanding of task purpose

-Attention to the task

-Demonstration of task

-Verbal instructions

Front 69

What is practice?

Back 69

Repeatedly performing a movement or series of movements in a task.

Front 70

What are some practice strategies?

Back 70

-Part vs. Whole practice

-Practice order (blocked, random, random/blocked)

-Physical vs mental

Front 71

Describe part vs. whole practice.

Back 71

Part practice more effective for acquiring complex serial skills that have simple and difficult components.

Whole practice more effective for acquiring continuous skills or serial tasks which momentum or timing of the components is the focus.

Front 72

What is blocked practice?

Back 72

Doing a task the same way in the same sequence for a set amount of time.

Front 73

What is random practice?

Back 73

Varying a task slightly within a set amount of time.

Front 74

What is random/blocked practice?

Back 74

Slightly varying/altering a series of tasks within a set amount of time.

Front 75

What is physical practice?

Back 75

Practicing a task physically.

Front 76

What is mental practice?

Back 76

Practicing a task mentally.

Front 77

What is feedback?

Back 77

Sensory information that is received and processed by the learner during or after performing or attempting to perform a motor skill.

Front 78

What is intrinsic feedback?

Back 78

Feedback that comes from all of the sensory systems of the learner, not the therapist.

Front 79

What is augmented feedback?

Back 79

Information about the performance or results of a task that is supplemental to intrinsic feedback. e.g. ultrasound imaging

Front 80

What is knowledge of performance?

Back 80

Giving feedback on the fly during the activity.

Front 81

What is knowledge of results?

Back 81

Debriefing the task afterwards and letting the patient know how it went.

Front 82

What are the factors that influence adherence to an exercise program?

Back 82

-Characteristics of the patient

-Factors related to the health condition or impairments

-Program related variables

Front 83

What health condition or impairments related factors have an impact on exercise program adherence?

Back 83

Acuity

Chronicity

Severity

Stability

Presence of comorbidities

Front 84

What program related variables impact adherence to an exercise program?

Back 84

Complexity

Duration

Adequacy of instruction

Supervision

Feedback from therapist

Front 85

What patient related factors impact adherence to an exercise program?

Back 85

Understanding the health condition, impairments, and exercise program.

Motivation

Discipline

Memory

Receptivity to change

Fatigue or stress

Time to devote to exercise program

Front 86

What type of practice is more effective for acquiring complex serial skills that have simple and difficult components? Part or whole practice?

Back 86

Part practice

Front 87

What type of practice is more effective for acquiring continuous skills or serial tasks which momentum or timing of the components is the focus? Part or whole practice?

Back 87

Whole practice