Justice 101 Chapters 4, 5, And 6

Front 1

Ethics

Back 1

• A set of rules or values that spell out appropriate human conduct

•Rooted from Greek idea of Character

Front 2

Noble Cause Corruption

(Unethical act)

Back 2

• A situation in which one commits an unethical act but for the greater good

Example: A police officer violates the Constitution in order to capture a serious offender

Front 3

Police Corruption

Back 3

• Misconduct by police officers that can involve but not limited to illegal activities for economic gain, gratituities, favors, and so on

Front 4

"Slippery Slope"

Back 4

• The idea that a small first step can lead to more serious behaviors, such as the receipt of minor gratituities by police officers believed to eventually cause them desire or demand receipt of items of greater value

Front 5

Accepted Lying

Back 5

• Police activities intended to apprehend or entrap suspects. This type of lying is generally considered to be trickery.

Example: Morally weakening the suspect so that the suspect voluntarily becomes involved.

Front 6

Deviant Lying

Back 6

• Occasions when officers commit perjury to convict suspects or are deceptive about some activity that is illegal or unacceptable to the department or public in general.

Example: Lying that serves legitimate goals occurs when officer lie to secure a conviction, obtain a search warrant, or conceal omissions during an investigation

Front 7

Gratituities

Back 7

• The receipt of some benefit (a meal, gift, or some other favor) either for free or for a reduced price.

- When officers accept minor gifts or gratituities, people often expect special service or accommodation

Front 8

Whistleblower Protection Act

Back 8

• A federal law prohibiting reprisal against employees who reveal information concerning a violation of law, rules, or regulations; waste of funds; an abuse of authority

Front 9

Discretion

Back 9

• Authority to make decisions in enforcing the law based on one's observations and judgement rather than the letter of the law.

Example: The freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation

Front 10

Ethical Decision-making Process

(Looking at alternatives!)

Back 10

• A series of steps for addressing an ethical dilemma; includes looking at alternatives, considering stakeholders and consequences, and explaining to decision to others.

Front 11

"Bell, Book, and Candle"

Back 11

Bell: The Prima Facie test

Book: Regulation or department procedure

Candle: Scrutiny of others

Front 12

The Political Era (1840s-1930s)

Back 12

• The period of time when police were tied closely to politics and politicians, dependent on them for being hired and promoted, and for assignments- all of which raised the potential for corruption.

Front 13

The Reform Era (1930s-1980s)

Back 13

• Also the professional Era, from 1930s to 1980s when police sought to extricate themselves from the shackles of politicians, and leading to the crime- fighter era- with greater emphases being placed on numbers- arrests, citations, response times, etc.

Front 14

The Community Era (1980s-Now)

Back 14

• A time when police retrained to work with the community to solve problems by looking at their underlying causes and developing tailored responses to them.

Front 15

Private Police/Security

Back 15

• All nonpublic officers, including guards, watchmen, private detectives, and investigators; they have limited powers and only the same arrest powers as regular citizens.

Front 16

Proprietary

Back 16

• In-house security services, whose personnel are hired, trained, and supervised by the company or organization

Front 17

Kansas City Preventive Patrol

Back 17

• Conducted in Kansas, Missouri in 1973.

• Researchers wanted to know if random patrol had only significant effect on crime- divided the city into 15 beats, five groups of three

• Nothing changed

Hint 17

Front 18

Locard's Exchange Principle

Back 18

• The notion that offenders both leave something at the crime scene and take something from it; the crime scene analyst or investigators job is to locate that evidence and use it in the investigation

Front 19

DNA

Back 19

• Deoxyribonucleic acid, which is found in all cells; used in forensics to match evidence (hair, semen) left at a crime scene with a particular perpetrator.