Criminal Justice Test Chapters 5 And 6

Front 1

What principles borrowed from England still underline policing in the United States?

Back 1

local control, limited authority
frankpledge - groups of 10 families that keep an eye on law and order
public order and kept the peace

Front 2

What are the eras of policing in the United States and what are the characteristics of each?

Back 2

colonial era: community watch
political era: foot patrols, close tie with political leaders and police
professional era: removed politics from police and had more technology
community era: more foot patrols and provide services

Front 3

What are the functions of the police?

Back 3

do justice
prevent crime
control crime

Front 4

How do communities influence police policy and police styles?

Back 4

1/5 face to face
1/3 seek assistance
1/3 witness crime

Front 5

how does the problem of domestic violence illustrate basic elements of police action

Back 5

it is dangerous for policing because both parties are highly emotional

Front 6

what problems do officers face in policing a multicultural society

Back 6

different languages and cultures between them; will do a same race cop in a race in the same area

Front 7

how do recruitment and training practices affect policing

Back 7

you spend a lot of time learning laws, self defense, weapons, defensive driving; on probation for 2 years - could get fired for any reason; must be physically fit and pass a written and physical test; can get bonus points for military

Front 8

what s meant by police subculture, and how does it influence an officers work

Back 8

subculture - symbols, beliefs, values, shared by a sub group
1. working personality - danger, authority
2. police morality - discretion, attempting to stop crime, use of force
3. isolation - on and off the job
4. job stress - danger, deal w/ criminals

Front 9

what factors in the police officers working personality influence an officers work

Back 9

the danger and authority of their job

Front 10

what is the purpose of patrol and how is it carried out

Back 10

to stop crime; either by foot or motor with one or two people in car - aggressive patrol is raids, stings, etc.

Front 11

why do detectives have so much prestige on the force

Back 11

only 15% of officers are detectives; have a higher pay and status; have different units (robbery, homicide, SVU); most work is reactive; will investigate when one is arrested, when criminal must be found, when there is several suspects, and when there is no suspects

Front 12

what has research shown about the effectiveness of patrol

Back 12

preventative patrol does not work - all areas stayed the same

Front 13

what is a frankpledge

Back 13

groups of 10 families who keep an eye on law and order

Front 14

what is community policing

Back 14

trying to get the community more involved such as neighborhood watch

Front 15

what functions do sheriffs perform

Back 15

operate in rural areas, run the county jail

Front 16

what are the characteristics of watchman style and legalistic style of policing

Back 16

watchman - maintain order; ignore the minor violations, work in big cities, see some discrimination
legalistic - large # of arrests and tickets; small cities/rural areas, less discrimination

Front 17

why do patrol officers have so much discretion

Back 17

they must take the factors of the crime in:
1. nature of the crime
2. relationship between victim and criminal
3. relationship between criminal and police
4. department policy
5. age/gender/race

Front 18

what are the main requirements for becoming a police officer and how has the profile of an officer changed

Back 18

you must at least have your highschool education (GED), must be 21, must have a mostly clean record, good work history and clean drug history

Front 19

what are the key aspects of a police officers working personality

Back 19

danger, authority

Front 20

what are the four types of stress felt by police

Back 20

isolation, danger, deal with criminals, job stress, police morality, working personality

Front 21

what is incident driven policing

Back 21

a reactive approach to policing emphasizing a quick response to calls for service

Front 22

what is differential response

Back 22

assign priorities to calls because of the severity of the crime

Front 23

what is clearance rate

Back 23

percentage of crimes solved - violent crimes have a higher percentage

Front 24

what is the difference between patrol officers and detectives

Back 24

patrol officers - the largest number of sworn officers, less pay, do more public service than policing, more proactive work
detectives - 15% of officers are detectives, higher pay/ status, have different units (robbery, homicide, SVU), most work is reactive

Front 25

what is the kansas city experiment

Back 25

an experiment in which they divided the city into 3 areas - reactive, proactive, and the control group. all groups ended up staying the same no matter what type of policing they used.

Front 26

what are hot spot and hot times

Back 26

hot spots are high areas of crime and hot times is the time in which the most amount of crime is committed (9pm - 3am)

Front 27

what are the advantages and disadvantages of foot patrol, motorized patrol, one person and two person patrol cars

Back 27

foot patrol - you form better relationships with people in the area and can detect crime better but you won't be able to respond as quickly as a car
motor patrol - quicker response to crime
one person - cheaper, covers more area
2 person crime - safer/ automatic backup

Front 28

what is aggressive patrol

Back 28

raids, stings, etc.
-how aggressive an officer should be

Front 29

what is community policing

Back 29

trying to get the neighborhood more involved; neighborhood watches, etc.