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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cornerstone values according to Poynter course
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accuracy
precision fairness race heritage |
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according to poynter, skin color correlates with...
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geographic latitude
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according to poynter, ____ distinguishes all members of a race
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NO characteristics, traits, genes
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according to poynter, 4 types of identification
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inexplicable, misplaced, uneven, unexplained
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journalist who argued that true democracy is a goal that could not be reached in a complex or industrial world
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walter lippman
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journalist who thought that other journalists generalize based on fixed ideas
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walter lippman
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journalist who thought media was an ineffective method of educating the public
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walter lippman
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8 biases in news
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headlines
placement photo/caption/angle names/titles selection/omission stats/crowds source control word choice/tone |
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reasons for starting hutchins commission
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-there was no restraint on vulgarity and sensationalism
-there were no monetary incentives for bad news -failed to provide info that fed democracy |
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people not included in hutchins commission
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journalists, politicians, business leaders, ordinary citizens
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according to poynter course "why ethics matter", what are the 4 guiding principles of journalism
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1. seek the truth and report it being honest and fair
2. act independently 3. minimize harm 4. be accountable |
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qualifications for banning speech
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1. must be content neutral
2. cannot be complete ban on a particular kind of speech 3. gov't must show substantial interest to justify ban 4. ban must be narrow- not banning more than necessary |
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according to bob furnad, ____ is key
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integrity
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what journalist for what newspaper wrote 'jimmy's world', won and lost pulitzer prize
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janet cook, washington post
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name of reporter/newspaper covered beltway sniper attacks and made frequent, serious mistakes
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jayson blair, new york times
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journalist/name of newspaper: lied about woman dying on way to Cuba
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Jack Kelley, USA Today
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journalists obligations according to SPJ
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- provide truthful account of the days events
-serve as a forum for exchange of ideas -provide fair picture of all groups of society - present and clarify society's goals and values -provide access to all news |
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what are the cornerstones of credibility for journalists, according to the SPJ
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serving the public, integrity
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requirements for using deception to get a story
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1. info obtained is of profound importance
2. all other alternatives exhausted 3. willing to disclose nature of deception and reasons for it 4. individuals/organization applies journalistic excellence 5. harm prevented > harm caused 6. journalists conducted meaningful, deliberative decision making based on ethics/legal issues |
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freedom of speech theory that completely adhered to 1st amendment's "no law", no restriction on press
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absolutist theory
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freedom of speech theory where other rights must be balanced against freedom of speech rights. courts are responsible for maintaining this balance
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ad hoc balancing theory
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freedom of speech theory where public speech deserves absolute protection and private speech does not deserve complete protection
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meiklejohnian theory
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freedom of speech theory that requires people to have access to mass media. used to regulate broadcasting.
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access theory
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freedom of speech theory most used by courts where the government bears responsibility for proving freedom of speech should be lessened.
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preferred position-balancing theory
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school boards can ban books if...
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-it is NOT for political/ideological reasons
-the book is clearly educationally unsuitable |
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coach at UGA involved in libel case
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wally butts
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according to "losing the news", what is the 'iron core' or journalism
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pure news, no opinions
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___% of magazines and ___% of network ads contain sex appeals
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28, 18
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4 types of sexual appeals
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1. display/dress
2. behavior 3. referents 4. subliminal |
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a human population distinguished by ungenetically transmitted genetics
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race
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something that is passed down from preceding generations
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heritage
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5 rights under the 1st amendment
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1. press
2. speech 3. assembly 4. petition 5. religion |
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article I, section clause 8 of the constitution refers to
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copyright
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form of protection provided by laws of U.S. to authors of original works of authorship
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copyright
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copyrights allow people to...
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-reproduce and distribute copies of material
-prepare derivative works -distribute copies for public sale -perform work publicly |
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mickey mouse protection act of 1998
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extend copyright
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criticism of mickey mouse protection act
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- only a few companies benefit
- goes beyond what founding fathers envisioned |
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first paragraph of a story that contains most important info (who, what, when, where, why, how)
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lead or lede
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anatomy of a newspaper
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business, backshop, circulation, advertisement, editorial
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"top dog"
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publisher
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mix of ads and news
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70% ads, 30% news
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part of newspaper that spends money, prints cartoons, creates headlines, decides where ads are placed
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editorial
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most important part of tv news
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weather
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according to losing the news, Jones argues that the decline in investigative reporting is largely due to
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the decline in newspaper finances
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when is burning a cross constitutional?
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if it is a political comment it is constitutional; if it is to intimidate it is unconstitutional
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True/false:
hutchins commission said under no circumstances should government be involved in the regulation of news |
false
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true/false:
public figure needs to prove media departed from normal standards to prevail in a libel case |
true
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the organization that wrote the journalistic code of ethics
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society of professional journalists
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2 perennial issues that clash
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newspaper profits vs. making news for the sake of good news
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freedom of speech most often used by courts
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preferred position theory
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punishment for first time violators of UGA's copyright policy
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written warning
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true/false:
bob furnad said that codes of ethics give clear direction on how each story is covered |
false
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four letter words criminal offense ever?
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no
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true/false:
cokie robert's service on a presidential council was a conflict of interest. |
true
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true/false:
according to the transmission model, people apply meaning to messages based on their assumptions about reality |
false
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3 ways media persuade viewers
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practical, emotional, association
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2 examples of hot media
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radio and film
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outlet most people get their news from
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tv
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objectivity of the press occurs
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in methods used by journalists to gather info
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equal access to internet
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net neutrality
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true/false:
wikileaks has the 1st amendment protection to publish secret government documents |
false
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true/false:
print media requires skill to understand |
true
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true/false:
free press is threatened more by the commercialization of information than by government |
true
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true/false:
the public supports the banning of burning the flag |
false
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4 factors that determine fair use
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1. purpose- commercial vs. nonprofit educational
2. nature 3. amount/sustainability of used portion 4. effect of use on value of copyrighted work |
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5 things copyrights do not protect
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1. ideas
2. concepts 3. systems 4. methods of doing things 5. band names |
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how long does a trademark last?
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10 years
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how long does a drug patent last?
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20 years
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lifespan of a copyright for an anonymous work/work for hire
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95 years from date of publication
OR 120 years from year of creation |
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works after this date are copyrighted for life of the author plus 70 years
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january 1, 1978
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4 freedoms under the federal communications commission
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1. access content by choice
2. use applications of choice 3. attach personal devices 4. obtain service plan info |
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espionage act of 1917
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anyone who publishes info that could endanger the nation is in violation of aiding the foreign government
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wikileaks owner
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julian assange
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laws that make julian assange possibly invulnerable to prosecution
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intelligence law, media prosecution laws, 1st amendment
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3 basic issues of NYTimes vs. Wikileaks
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1. info was not something we didn't already know
2. put lives at risk by printing people's names/ hindering the ability to build alliances 3. doing business with wikileaks compromised impartiality and independence |
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characteristics of mass media
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large audiences
little choice one way influenced greatly by society |
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according to the hutchins commission, what were the problems in media that still exist today?
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1. few people have access to distribute their message
2. media ownership is in fewer hands 3. fewer outlets 4. population dependent on media 5. journalist themselves are unethical |
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run time for stories/ads for tv news
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23 stories, 7 ads
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most important aspects of ratings for tv news
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look of reporters and set
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most difficult type of reporting
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live reporting
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what gets on/sells for tv news
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-bleeds, leads
-good video -short stories -exclusive stories |
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what does not get on tv news
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- in depth stories
- investigative reports - editorials/ opinions |
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weaknesses of tv news
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linear
cant go back to check information info comes quickly not thorough |
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7 factors that determine news
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1. impact- importance/consequence
2. timeliness-recent 3. prominence- well-known ppl/places 4. proximity- closer 5. bizarre 6. conflict- controversy, war 7. currency- an issue(healthcare) |
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interpersonal media
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primarily person to person. people are both source and receiver.
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mass media
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one source to many people
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network media
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interpersonal or mass media- email, teleconferencing. people can be sender/receiver.
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hot media
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-medium that extends one single sense in 'hi-def' (radio, tv, movies)
-requires low audience participation |
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cool media
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-requires active participation
-must actively fill in info -print media, email, telephone |
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transmission model
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sender- message- channel- receiver (NYtimes-politics-print-reader)
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cultural model
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idea that we control how the media message effects us
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characteristics of beat reporting
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-info driven
-usually public information -topical (business, technology, lifestyle) -"chicken dinner" |
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characteristics of investigative reporting
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-discovers the truth
-similar to work of police, lawyers -takes months or years -mostly done by newspapers/wire services |
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medill innocence project
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northwestern students work to free 11 innocent men, 5 from death row
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3 deadliest countries for journalists
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- honduras
- iraq - pakistan |
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number of times constitution has been amended
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27
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marketplace of ideas
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idea that people will evolve if there is a competition of ideas and government doesn't restrict speech
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4 estates
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1. clergy
2. nobility 3. commoners 4. press |
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obscenity: miller test
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-average person sees it as purely sexual
-offensive -lacks serious artistic or scientific value |
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true/false:
fighting words are protected under the first amendment |
false
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limits to freedoms of speech
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-yelling fire in crowded area
-child porn -cross burn(sometimes) -marching at 2am -fighting words -publishing troop ship sail times |
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hillary movie
lawyer said government could make it a crime to distribute books that effect campaign if.. |
the book was paid for by a corporation
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electioneering communication
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broadcast, cable or satellite communication that mentioned a candidate within 60 days of a general election
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propaganda
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info of a biased or misleading nature used to promote a cause or point of view
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propaganda techniques
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misinformation
oversimplification ad hominem fear sensationalism dichotomy |
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ways media produce propaganda unknowingly
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selection of topics
emphasis framing of issues filtering of info bounding of debate right-minded people distribution of concerns |
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five filters of news production
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corporate ownership
advertising sourcing flak anti-otherness |
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2 effects of corporate ownership
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cost remains an effective barrier to the establishment of new media
-media managers take their cues from wealthy owners with predictable results |
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herman and chomsky said that its ____ that influences media survival and prosperity
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the advertiser's choice
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flak
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negative response to news
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tinker vs. des moines
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armbands, freedom of speech allowed
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voters that are least likely to use media for information and are most susceptible to political advertising
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last minute voters
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political advertising circle
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get elected--- run ads
run ads-- buy commercial time commercial time-- raise money more money needed |
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rules for making a political advertisement
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-dont question common sense
-reaffirm myths of american way -dont bore audience with politics -entertain as therapy for problems |
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why ban 30-sec political ad? 5 reasons
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-ads arent answerable, except in kind
-dishonest -overwhelm other forms of political communication -undermine political process -aimed at emotion |
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koran-burning florida minister
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terry jones
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kid at valdosta state who got expelled for fb collage about parking deck (and name of president)
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t. hayden barnes
president zaccari |
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the current state flag looks just like..
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original stars and bars
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leonard law
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california law that applies first amendment to private colleges. only state to do so.
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scootergate kid from UGA
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jacob lovell
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institutional owners
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large financial organizations, pension funds or endowments
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dangers of institutional ownership of media (4)
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-focused on short term results
-no focus on quality of journalism -has big influence on company -pressures management to sell or divest |
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with your rights you must...
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-know them
-use them -defend them or risk losing them |
