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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is sociology? |
social scientific stidy of individualism in groups/ their behavior and individual group processes |
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sociological imagination |
refers to a unique understanding of a persons history/ biography |
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Who is Auguste Compte and what was his theory? |
founding father of sociology ( 1st sociologist )
stated society is best organized in a small collective commune/ community |
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Who is Harriet Martineau? |
he proposed the idea of social institutions (police, education, families, law) |
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Who was Herbert Spencer/ his theory? |
Worked w/ Charles Darwin
"Survival of the Fittest" > applied it to society
*maintains that societal change is an evolutionary process*
(rooted in the origin of species) |
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What was the main purpose of Emile Durkheim's book Suicide? |
Suicide: argued that catholics are less likely to commit suicide bc of more social controls: - large network - religious system - larger catholic community |
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What books did Emile Durkheim write? |
Suicide, Division of Labor, Elementary Forms of Religious Life |
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Explain Anomie |
it is the state of normlessness; what makes society fall apart; all law is suspended |
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Who is Max Weber and what was his point of view? |
he researched society; tried to understand society w/ a deep insight |
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What book did Max Weber write? |
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
(America w/ out the American- protestant work ethic) |
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Explain Verstein |
insight, objective, deep understanding of the behaviors of the individual to better understand who we are
seeks to measure/ evaluate something/ aspects of different societies |
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Explain the "ideal type" |
one concepts that represents all that is good about the target you are trying to understand
ex: the perfect man/ woman |
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Who is Karl Marx/ what was his theory? |
he was the founding father of conflict theory
there will always be tension in society from economics ex: those who was vs. those who don't have |
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In reference to Karl MArx's conflict theory, what were the two classes believed to always exist in society? |
- Bourqeoisie (the owner class) - Proletariats (working class) |
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What books did Karl Marx write? |
Das Kapital The Communist Manifesto |
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Who was WEB Dubois ? |
he argued that you will hsve racial/ ethnic problems in society as well as economic issues (RACE)
always have a "color line"
1st person to study african americans after slavery |
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What book did WEB Dubois write? |
The Philadelphia Negro |
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What is theory? |
theory is nothing more than a series of statements used to understand phenomanon |
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Explain micro theory |
how individual behavior can be use to understand larger group behavior |
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Explain macro theory |
a large understanding of the "whole" |
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Explain functionalism |
(functionalist theory that Auguste & Max are a part of)
Assumes society works best as a system of the whole
society is well integrated |
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Explain manifest function |
a condition/ process that is evident WE CAN SEE IT ex: saying "ow" when hit |
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Explain latent function |
a hidden process you don't know is taking place ex: notion of patriotism, bc we are told to sing a partiotic song or anthem |
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Explain Dysfunction |
when a person fails to do their role within a social system
ex: roa parks breaking the system = dysfunction changes whats functional for who,
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Explain conflicts |
you will ALWAYS have tension, strife, and trouble with: economics gender ethnicity/ race |
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Explain inequality |
it is the idea of tension & difference |
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Explain capitalism |
you must have rich and poor; need poor underclass to work and produce for the bourqeoisie |
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Explain stratification |
it is a system of ranking in a given society (hierarchy)
upperclass, lowerclass, middleclass |
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What is microtheory ? |
we actively influence our everyday social interaction through the manipulation/ understanding symbols
what we percieve is different for everyone |
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Explain culture |
total sum of learned behaviors
material vs. nonmaterial culture |
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Explain cultural universal |
ideal/ construct that exists in every society ex: food, dress, laws, rules, a means of education, religion |
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What is cultural variations? |
the way we arrange ourselves based on culture |
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What is subculture? |
smaller variant of the larger society ex: college kids |
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Argot |
a language to a specific subculture |
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What is counter culture? |
a small segment of the population with different norms/ views ex: KKK, black nationalista
have fundamentally different views of American Society |
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Ethocentrism |
to center upon the ethic people
your culture over another culture |
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Culture Shock |
disorientation/ shock you feel when experiencing another culture |
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Cultural Norms |
expectations that govern behavior
expectations about how you should behave in society |
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Informal Norms |
expectations that are understood |
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Formal Norms |
written down laws. rules - penalty if not followed |
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Folkways |
the ways in which people behave acceptable behavior |
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socialization |
the process wherby we learn what is acceptable to be integrated into a culture
the process whereby which we become human/ enter into humanness SELF IS UNIQUE |
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Nature vs. Nurture
NATURE |
asserts that your birth is your destiny; you will always be what you are at birth |
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Nature vs. Nurture
NURTURE |
through environment, socialization/ learning we are "becomming" |
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Epigenetics |
idea that there is something beyond genetics @ work
Ex: testosterone given enough to make anatomy but not enough to change mindset
(isabelle and Jeanie) |
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Who is Charles Cooley and what was his famous saying? |
He wrote "The Looking Glass Self"
" I am who i am because of who i think you think i am" |
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What was George Herbert Meade's theory? |
Development of the Self |
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Explain the stages of Development of the Self |
1. Prepatory Stage- understand symbols and imitate others 2. Play Stage- you take on certain roles; understands what one role is 3. The Game- when a kid fully understands all the roles in society |
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Generalized Other |
a set of rules/ understandings about how society works |
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Who was Irving Goffman/ his theory? |
"theory of dramaturgy"
- life is like a theatre and you are performing like you are in a theatrial production
frontstage: presentation/ impression mgt. backstage: preparing for fronstage/ who you are before frontstage
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Racial Group |
group set apart from others bc of obvious physical differences |
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Ethnic group |
group set apar from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns |
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Minority group |
suubordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives |
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social construction of race |
society socially constructs which differences are important |
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racial formation |
sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed |
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social cohesion |
bonds that bring people together in a given society; society working toward the well- being of all its members
ex: education (higher), work (higher pay), network (people), travel, language, technology, skills |
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social contract |
willingness to fulfill public obligations
ex: paying taxes, act responsibly, clean property |
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of the $120 billion in home loans given bt 1933-1962 ____ went to white home owners |
98% |
