Intro To Metabolism & Nutrition

Front 1

What is the function of fats?

Back 1

energy production, absorbtion of fat soluble viatmins, prostaglandin synthesis, components of cell membranes

Front 2

What is the function of proteins?

Back 2

Protein synthesis and carbons for glucose synthesis

Front 3

Why are micronutrients important?

Back 3

For cellular processes. Vitamins are important for enzymes, cofactors and anitoxidants. Minerals are importants for many functions including bone mineralization and cell transport.

Front 4

What are the 4 DRI standards?

Back 4

1) Estimated Average Requirement 2)Recommended Dietary Allowance 3) Adequate intake 4) Tolerable Upper Level Intake

Front 5

Wht is the EAR?

Back 5

Estimated Average requirement, intake required to prevent defficiency in 50% of an age/gender group

Front 6

What is the UL?

Back 6

Tolerable Upper Level Intake, the highest intake one can have without an adverse effect

Front 7

What factors can effect BMR?

Back 7

age, gender, body temperature, thyroid function

Front 8

What is BMR?

Back 8

Basal (resting) Metabolic Rate. Energy spent while resting, post-absorptive over 24 hours

Front 9

What is TEF?

Back 9

Thermal Effect of Food, also known as Diet Induced Thermatogensis. 5-10% of digestible energy in dietary macronutrients are used in this process to digest/absorb food

Front 10

What is DEE?

Back 10

Daily Energy Expenditure. BMR + TEF + Physical activity

Front 11

What is BMI?

Back 11

Body Mass Index = wieght(kg)/height2(m)

Front 12

What BMI classifies obesity?

Back 12

25-29= obesity class I 30-35=obesity class II 35>obesity class III class II and III increase risk of many diseases

Front 13

How does delta G tell you which way a reaction will go?

Back 13

A negative delta G indicates a spontaneous rxn (gives off energy. A positive delta G indicates a non-spontaneous energy that requires energy to go.

Front 14

Annobilism is….

Back 14

the biosynthesis of macromulecules and requires energy

Front 15

Catabolism is….

Back 15

the breakdown of dietary nutrients, produces energy

Front 16

What is energy charge?

Back 16

The relative abundance of ATP. When =1, lots of ATP is available and annabolic processes can go. When its lower (0) cataboltic processes go

Front 17

What type of processes are favored if ATP concentration is low?

Back 17

Catabolic

Front 18

How is metabolism regulated?

Back 18

1) by regulating subtstrate availability or 2) regulating enzyme activity by allosteric effectors, covalent modification or hormone induction/repression

Front 19

How does allosteric effectors regulate metabolism?

Back 19

They can stimilate or inhibit the activity of an enzyme by feed forward stimulation or feed back inhibition. Their effects are reversible, fast acting and for short range communication

Front 20

How does covalent modification of enzyme acvitivy regulate metabolism?

Back 20

Phosphorylation or dephosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases that are activated by hormones. They can activate or inhibit pathways, are transient and reversible.

Front 21

Describe how enzymes can be regulated by hormones

Back 21

Hormones can alter the level of mRNA and thus the intracellular levels of enzymes (increase or decrease). This is permanent and slow-acting.

Front 22

What is the rate limiting step in a metabolic pathway?

Back 22

The first IRRIVERSIBLE reaction UNIQUE to a metabolic pathway is the committed/rate-limiting step

Front 23

How do you determine the key enzyme for a metabolic pathway?

Back 23

It will be the enzyme that catalyzes the committed reaction

Front 24

What is the purpose and result of glycolysis?

Back 24

oxidation of glucose, produces ATP

Front 25

What is the purpose and resuls of lipolysis?

Back 25

Degradation of fat stores (triacylglycerols), releases fatty acids

Front 26

What is the purpose and result of glycogenolysis?

Back 26

Degradation of glycogen stores, releases glucose

Front 27

What is the prupose and result of ketolysis?

Back 27

oxidation of ketone bodies, produces ATP

Front 28

What is the purpose and results of beta-oxidation?

Back 28

oxidation of fatty acids, prduces ATP

Front 29

What is the purpose and results of glycogenesis?

Back 29

Synthesis of glycogen stores, stores glucose

Front 30

What is the prupose and result of lipogenesis?

Back 30

synthesis of fat stores (triacylglycerols), stores fatty acids

Front 31

What is the purpose and results of gluconeogenesis?

Back 31

New synthesis of glucose (from non-sugars), produces glucose

Front 32

What is the purpose and results of ketogenesis?

Back 32

Synthesis of ketone bodies from fatty acids, produces ketone bodies