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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
consist of weak acid and its conjugate base supplied as salt |
acid buffer |
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it buffers only solutions on the acid side of neutrality |
acid buffer |
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acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of |
acid buffer |
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ammonia and ammonium chloride is an example of |
base buffer |
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a glass of inexpensive quality |
alkali |
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atmospheric gases |
presence of gases |
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2 components of the system will complement each other |
theory of mechanism |
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**When small amounts of ____ are introduced into the medium, they will react with the conjugate ____ of the buffer pair to form the ____ |
hydrogen base weak acid |
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most important characteristic of a buffer |
pH |
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the amount of acid or base that can be added without significant pH changes |
buffer capacity |
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*Buffers functions best when the pKa conjugate weak acid is ____ to the desired working range of the ____ |
close buffer |
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it decrease chances of adverse effects in the body |
buffer |
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designed to provide solution having a specific pH for analytical purposes |
standard buffer |
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designed to maintain pH limits in drug preparations |
pharmaceutical buffers |
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Pharmaceutical buffers is to avoid large changes in the ____ across a cellular membrane |
osmotic pressure |
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it containd H2PO4 and HPO4 which is found in the body |
phosphate buffer system |
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it is for pharmaceutical preparations containing metals precipitated by phosphates |
borate buffer system |
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modified Feldman's used for ophthalmic solutions, contact lens, solver for fluoroscent dye |
Atkins and Pantin |
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*Borates are best to operate at pH ____, most efficient at pH ____, intended for ophthalmic solutions at pH ____ |
7-11 9 6 |
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weak organic acid and a salt containing its conjugate base, the acetate anion, such as sodium acetate |
acetic acid |
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weak base and a salt containing its conjugate acid, the pyridinium cation, such as pyridinium chloride |
pyridine |
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pH in blood is |
7.35 to 7.45 |
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a pH value higher than ____ or lower than ____ in the blood can lead to death |
7.8 6.8 |
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it is used in pharmaceutical preparations containing easily oxidized substances in their reduced form |
antioxidants |
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*MOA: Antioxidant is ____ in place of active constituent. If the active component is ____, the antioxidant ____ it back to its normal oxidation state |
oxidized oxidized reduces |
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HPH2O2 |
hypophosphrous acid |
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it is colorless, slightly yellow liquid containing 30-32% |
hypophosphrous acid |
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The pure acid of ____ is syrupy colorless liquid which becomes a solid at ____ |
hypophosphrous acid 17.4°C |
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it produces incompatibility with any oxidizing agent either in the dry or liquid form |
hypophosphrous acid |
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it is used as antioxidant, and its salts are used as preservatives |
hypophosphrous acid |