Infectious Diseases Of The Cardiovascular And Lymphatic Systems

Front 1

The cardiovascular System:

Back 1

Heart

Blood Vessels

Lymphatics

Lymph nodes, spleen, "MALT"

RBS

WBC

---Macrophage, T, B, NK, lymphocytes

Front 2

The blood:

Back 2

Carries O2, CO2, nutrients, cells, plasma

Front 3

Infectious agents in the blood

-Bacteremia:

Back 3

bacteria in the blood

Front 4

Viremia:

Back 4

Virus in the blood

Front 5

Septicemia:

Back 5

growth of bacteria in blood

Front 6

Septic Shock:

Back 6

-->endotoxin (LPS) release

-->macrophage cytokines

-->low blood pressure (leaky capillaries)

-->high fever

Front 7

Cardiovascular system defenses

-Defensins:

Back 7

-Antimicrobial proteins in lysosomes of phagocytic cells

-Neutrophils, antibodies, complement

-Filtering function of Lymph Nodes

-No normal flora

-Transient flora?

-Infectious agents in blood

=systemic infection

Front 8

Selected bacterial infections of the blood

Back 8

Plague

-Yersina pestis

Lyme Disease

-Borrelia burgdorferi

Tularemia

-Franscisella tularensis

Front 9

Yersinia pestis

Back 9

-Cause of PLAGUE

-Gram negative rod

-Grows in digestive tract of flea = VECTOR

-RESERVOIR are rodents, prairie dogs

-Endemic above 4,000 ft elevation in Arizona and around 4 corners

Front 10

Plague pandemic

Back 10

-Black Death

-1348-1350

* some recurrent outbreaks up until 1668

-Reduced Europe's population by about half

-100 million people

-In some towns - 100% mortality

Front 11

Plague types - historical

Back 11

Bubonic plague

Pneumonic plague

Septicemic plague

Front 12

Bubonic plague:

Back 12

-Most common

-up to 80% mortality rate in 8 days

Front 13

Pneumonic plague

Back 13

-In the lungs

-90-95% mortality rate in 8 days

Front 14

Septicemic plague:

Back 14

-In the blood

-Near 100% mortality rate often the first day of symptoms

Front 15

Plague treatment today:

Bubonic plague:

Back 15

1-5% mortality (50% untreated)

Front 16

Pneumonic plague:

Back 16

5-15% mortality if treated early (almost 100% fatal if not treated)

Front 17

Septicemic plague

Back 17

-50% mortality

-Still no GOOD treatment

Front 18

Bubonic plague

Back 18

-Transmitted by flea bite

-Y.pestis enters blood and grown in macrophages in lymph nodes

-Swollen lymph nodes are buboes

Front 19

Lyme Disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi*

Back 19

-Spirochetes are very narrow spiral-shaped bacteria

-Gram negative

-Motile

Front 20

Lyme disease vectors:

Back 20

Tick vector bites reservoir (deer, mouse) and becomes infected; transmits disease to humans through bites.

Front 21

Lyme disease

Back 21

-Primary stage

-Bulls-eye rash on skin

-Secondary stage

-Neurological symptoms

-Cardiac dysfunction

-Tertiary stage

Lyme arthritis

-inflammation of large joints

- Paraplegia

Front 22

Lyme arthritis

Back 22

-Immune system Type III hypersensitivity to

-->persisting antigen

-->antigen-antibody complexes

-->inflammation, tissue damage by neutrophils

-Treated with long course antibiotics

Front 23

Francisella tularensis

Back 23

- cause of Tularemia

-Rabbit fever

-Gram negative coccobacillus

-Reservoir are rabbits and small animals

-Vector are ticks

-Ingestion of contaminated meat also a cause

Front 24

Tularemia

Back 24

-Symptoms include:

-Fever

-Diarrhea

-Pain

-Fatigue

-Difficulty breathing

-Skin ulcer at the site of bite

~As little as 10 organisms are infectious

Front 25

Some virus infections of the cardiovascular system:

Back 25

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

--Yellow fever, Dengue Fever, Ebola

--HIV

Front 26

Viral Hemorrhagic fevers:

Yellow fever reservoir and location:

Back 26

Reservoir: Aedes agypti

Location: Central Africa, S.America

Front 27

Dengue fever:

Back 27

Reservoir: Aedes agypti

Location: World-wide, Tropical

Front 28

Ebola:

Back 28

Reservoir: Fruit bat?

Location: Central America

Front 29

Viral Hemorrhagic fevers:

Back 29

*Capillary fragility and leakage

*Disruption of the blood clotting system

Bleeding, Hemorrhage

*Liver damage, Hepatitis

*High Fatality rate

-Up to 90% for Ebola

Front 30

Yellow fever:

Back 30

-Yellow fever virus

-Flu-like symptoms

can be hemorrhagic

-Yellow virus worldwide

about 200,000 infected per year (low reporting?)

15% mortality rate

-Outbreak in USA 1905 along Mississippi River

20,000 deaths

Front 31

Dengue fever:

Back 31

-Dengue virus

-Measles-like symptoms

Plus hemorrhaging if hemorrhagic fever

-Dengue fever in Americas 2007

About 900,000 cases total

26,000 were DHF

-20% mortality if untreated, 2.5% if treated

Front 32

Ebola:

Back 32

-Ebola virus

-Model for the movie "Outbreak"

-Proposed lifecycle

Fruit bats carry virus

Drop saliva tainted fruit which is eaten by apes

Humans hunt and eat infected apes

Get disease

-First found in 1976 (emerging disease)

-People die of hypovolemic shock

loss of blood volume

-80-90% mortality

-Few outbreaks keep check

Front 33

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 33

-Blood-Borne Viral and STD infection

-Infects helper T lymphocytes (CD4+)

-Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

-Long (Latent) incubation period

Front 34

HIV has specific glycoprotein receptors that bind to CD receptors of T cells

Back 34

Sources and routes of infection by HIV:

Direct blood exposure during sex

Semen,, vaginal fluid exposure

Infected macrophage

Front 35

HIV Treatment:

Back 35

Nucleoside analogs (AZT) and protease inhibitors are effective therapies used to treat HIV infections