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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the Nine Bacterial Diseases of the Cario and Lymph systems:
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Septicemia, Bacterial Endocarditis, Rheumatic fever, tauleremia, brucellosis, Anthrax, Gangrene, plague, Typhus
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What is another name for septicemia?
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blood poisoning
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what happens in septicemia?
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pathogenic bacteria multiply in blood
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What is the etiology for septicemia?
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generally gram-negative bacilli
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What are the S/S for septicemia?
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chills, fever; lymphangitis->septicemia->pupuric pustules->decreased B/P->anoxia->increase HR and Resp.->septic shock related to endotoxin release->coma and death
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What is septic shock R/T in Septicemia?
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endotoxin release after gram-neg rods are lysed
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Endocarditis is what?
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Inflammation of the endocardium (lining of the heart and valves)
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Why are infections of the heart uncommon?
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smooth surface of the endocardial cells make adherence difficult
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What are two possible etiologies for Bacterial Endocarditis?
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Alpha-hemolytic streptococci
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Where are alpha-hemolytic streptococci found?
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In the oral cavity
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What are alpha-hemolytic streptococci responsible for?
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subacute bacterial endocarditis
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What form of bacterial endocarditis are staphylococcus aureus responsible for?
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acute
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What group is highly susceptible to bacterial endocarditis with the etiology of staphylococcus aureas?
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IV drug users
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Map out the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis
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focal point of infection->blood->adherence and growth on the endocardium->form vegetations(clots+bacteria)->emboli break off and lodge into distant organs
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If the vegetations from bacterial endocarditis lead to incompetent valves, what would be the S/S?
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Fever, fatigue, anemia, heart mumur, petechiae in hands and feet
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If vegetations from bacterial endocarditis manifest in the RV, what are the S/S?
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resp. distress, cough
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If the vegetations in bacterial endocarditis manifest into the LV, what are the S/S?
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spots on skin-> can be fatal R/T brain and kidneys
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The vegetations of bacterial endocarditis may also lead to what heart disease?
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CHF
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What potentially fatal disease inflames the heart and permenantly damages the valves?
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Rheumatic Fever
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What is the etiology for rheumatic fever?
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Beta-hemolytic streptococci
(streptococcus pyogenes) |
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Map out the pathogenesis for Rhuematic Fever:
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streptococcal infection (sore throat)->autoimmune response->damage to joints and heart
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What are the S/S for Rhuematic fever?
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joint pain, fever, subcutaneous nodules at joints, carditis
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What groups are susceptible to rheumatic fever?
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children between the ages of 4-18
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Name a lymphatic disease that is transmitted from animals to humans:
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Tularemia
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What is the etiology for Tularemia?
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Franciselia tularensis
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What are the infection reserviors for Tularemia and how is transmitted?
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rabbits, deer, squirrels, and muskrats
transmitted by ticks |
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What group is susceptible to tularemia?
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hunters, animal breeders
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What are the S/S of Tularemia?
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local itis, ulcer at infection site, enlarged lymph nodes, shaking chills, debilitating headaches
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Map out the pathogenesis for tularemia:
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contact w/ infected animal->F. tularersis inoculated through break in skin->5-7 later-enlarged regional lymph nodes->septicemia->infection of organs->abscesses throughout body
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If the F. tularensis bacteria is inhaled, what other pathology may it cause?
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pnuemonia
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What disease does a gram-neg coccobacilli (Brucella) cause?
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Brucellosis
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Who is susceptible to Brucellosis?
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farmers, veterinarians, meat packers
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Map out the pathogenesis of brucellosis:
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contact with infected animal or their secretions(milk)->phagocytosis by macrophages->grow within the macrophage->enters lymph->blood->organs->leads to disability
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What are the S/S of brucellosis?
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weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, rising fever late in the day(104 at night)
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What disease primarily infects grazing animals but can also infect humans?
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anthrax
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Name the three forms of Anthrax:
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Cutaneous, Respiratory, and Gastrointestinal
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What type of anthrax has the greatest mortality rate, but the lowest number of cases?
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Respiratory
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What form of anthrax has the highest incidence?
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cutaneous
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What is the etiology for anthrax?
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bacillus anthracis
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What are the susceptible groups for anthrax?
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wool handlers
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Map out the pathogenesis for anthrax:
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endospores enter skin through cut->papule->vesicle->2-6 days black eschar->bacillus produces potentially lethal toxin that enters lymph and blood
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If anthrax is inhaled what can happen?
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high fever->difficulty breathing->pneumonia->death
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What is a disease that is characterized by necrotic putrefication of soft tissue?
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Gangrene
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What is the etiology for gangrene?
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Clostidium Perfringes
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Map out the pathogenesis of gangrene:
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pathogen enters deep wound->wound must be ischemic for C. perfringes to multiply->tissue damage->production of H and CO2-> crepitance(gas bubbles that make a crackling sound)-> necrosis and melanosis of overlying tissues->organ failure->shock->death
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What is a highly fatal disease and is transmitted from animals to humans?
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Plague
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What is the Etiology for plague?
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Yersinia pestis
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What are the signs and symptoms of plague?
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high fever, massive lymph nodes(buboes), black spots, staggering gait, restlessness, mental confusion
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Map out the pathogenesis for plague:
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flea looks for a new host after original host dies->flea bites human and reguritates bacteria->proliferates in blood and lymph->proliferates intracellularly within macrophages->release highly virulent organisms->buboes
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What are the two forms of plague?
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septicemic
pnuemonic |
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What is the difference between septicemic and pneumonic plague?
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Microbe invades the circulatory system as opposed to being inhaled
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Name an infectious disease where the microbe infects the endothelial cells and blocks small vessels:
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Typhus
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Name the three types of Typhus:
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Epidemic, Endemic Murine, and Spotted Fever
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What is the etiology of typhus?
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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What is the vector of Epidemic Typhus?
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infected body lice
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Map out the pathogenesis of Epidemic Typhus:
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infected body lice->inoculates wound with feces->R. prowazekii multiply in wound->enter blood->mulitply in endothelium of small vessels
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What is the incubation period of epidemic Typhus?
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8-12 days
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What are the S/S of epidemic typhus?
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unbearable headache, high fever, muscle aches, shaking chills, delerious or unconciousness, rapid death
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Which out of the three forms of typhus is least severe?
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Endemic Murine Typhus
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What is the etiology for Endemic Murine Typhus?
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Rickettsia Typhi
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What is the vector for Endemic Murine Typhus?
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flea
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What is the reservior for Endemic Murine Typhus?
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mice and rats
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What are the S/S for Endemic Murine Typhus?
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10-14 days then crushing headache, muscle aches, small red spots
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Who is at risk for Endemic Murine Typhus?
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shipyard workers, grain storage workers
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What is the Etiology for Spotted Fever?
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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What is the vector and reservior for spotted fever?
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ticks and earlier generation of ticks
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What are the S/S for spotted fever?
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3-4 days-> fever, headache, rash develops within a week of the tick bite(rash moves distal to proximal)
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Who is at risk for spotted fever?
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people who live in wooded areas or pursue outdoor activites
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