Immumology Block D Lecture 2

Front 1

What did HG WELLS show that anaphylactic reactions to various proteins could be inhibited by

Back 1

Prior feeding of the appropriate materiai

Front 2

OT is the term thats used to refer what

Back 2

The state of unresponsiveness that exists for non pathogenic antigens in the gut lumen

Front 3

What immunity can ot be induced to and whats easier to tolerise

Back 3

Both humeral and cell mediated immunity

Cell mediated immunity is easier to tolerise they require less antigen and last longer

Front 4

What is easier to tolerise Th1 or Th2

Back 4

Th1

Front 5

What type of antibidy responses are extreemly sensitive to OT

Back 5

IgE

Front 6

What does OT induce in lymphocyte homing

Back 6

Defective lymphocyte migration

Front 7

What is required for the maintence of OT

Back 7

Antigen persistence

Front 8

What are the easiest to tolwrise because they are most associated with pathology

Back 8

IgE and DTH

Front 9

Induction and maintenance of OT

FOR ACTIVE IMMUNITY VS TOLERANCE

particulate

Viable

Locally invasive

Pp uptake

T independent

Back 9

Soluble

Non living

Rapidly absorbed

Mucosal uptake

T dependent

Front 10

Is it good id you introduce the antigens early?

Back 10

Yes

Front 11

What happens ir the animal is very sterile

Back 11

Will be resistant to tolerance

Front 12

What does poor nutrition do to OT

Back 12

Decreases OT

Front 13

What is clonal deletion

Back 13

Getting rid of self reactive t cells

Front 14

What is Fas deficient mice and what is their tolerance

Back 14

Fas means they cant apopotose cells and keep proliferating

Their tolerance is normal so apoptosis isnt mechanism in oral tolerance

Front 15

Is there a single mechanism for ot

Back 15

No

Front 16

What is clonal anergy

Back 16

T cell knows a antigen is there but not getting excited enough so dont make an immune response

Front 17

In clonal anergy are t cells recognising the antigen

Back 17

Yes but dont see it as inportant and dont do anything

Lack of co stimulatory molecules and antigen presentation

Front 18

CD8 regulatory or suppressor T cells mediated OT as the induction of tolerance could be prevented with what

Back 18

Cyclophosphamide

Front 19

What cytokines are enhanced following oral tolerance

Back 19

Il-10 and TGF-β

Front 20

What happens if you block tgf-β ?

Back 20

Block oral tolerance

Front 21

What is bystander suppression

Back 21

Associated with feeding low doses of Ag

Lacking co stimulatory molecules

Front 22

What do you need to tolerise for autoimmune antigens

Back 22

There are multiple auto antigens

Only need to induce OT on one to tolerise them all

Front 23

What happens with oral tolerance and skin grafts

Back 23

If induce oral tolerance they will down regulate the inflammatory response related to the skin graft

Front 24

What happens when you deplete CD4+ cels

Back 24

This prevents oral tolerance

Front 25

What is increased following oral tolerance ( T cells subset)

Back 25

Th2 increasesd and Th1 decreased

Front 26

What can OT be transferred by

Back 26

CD4 cells

γδ CD8+ T cells- this suppresses igE

Front 27

Diabetes in NOD mice can be prevented by what

Back 27

A transfer of tolerised CD8+ γδ T cells

Front 28

What happens when γδ T cells are depleted

Back 28

Prevent oral tolerance

Front 29

Can oral tolerance be induced in TCR KO MICe?

Back 29

No

Front 30

What do γδ T cells play a important role in

Back 30

Intestinal homeostasis

Front 31

What happens to oral tolerance with APc functions activate

Back 31

Oral tolerance is prevented

Activated APC express co stimulatory molecules that will present the antigen and break the OT

Front 32

Epithelial cells express MHC CLASS II but have low levels of what

Back 32

Co stimulatory molecules and ICam-1

Front 33

What do antigen loaded DC DO

Back 33

found in efferent intestinal lymph after feeding (draining to the gut in feeding) they are likely to induce oral tolerance they have low levels of co stimulatory molecules

Front 34

What happens when antigen passes through the gut

Back 34

Converted and changed

Ag passing through the gut makes it more likely to induce OT rather than being injected

Front 35

Can OT be induced in IL-4 KO mice

Back 35

Yes

Front 36

IL-10 KO MICE develop what

Back 36

IBD

Front 37

What cytokine is suppressed by ot

Back 37

IFN-γ

Front 38

OT OF IGE is dependent on what

Back 38

IFN-γ

Front 39

What happens with IFN-γ KO MICE

Back 39

Ot is normal

Front 40

Bystander supression is dependent on what

Back 40

TGF-β

Front 41

Oral administration of antigen then to the GALT - high dose

Back 41

Deletion anergy of Th1 and Th2

Clonal deletion and clonal anergy

Oral tolerance

Front 42

Oral administration of antigen then to the GALT - multiple low doses

Back 42

Induction of Th2( IL4/IL-10) induction of TH3( tgf-β)

Active supression

Oral tolerance

Front 43

What augments oral tolerance

Back 43

IL-2, IL4/IL-10 anti-IL-2 cholera toxin B subunit

LPS

IFN-β

Multiple emulsions

Front 44

What decreases oral tolerance

Back 44

IFN-y

Il-12

Cholera toxin

Anti-MCP-1

Anti-γδ

Cyclophosphamide

Graft versus host disease

Parasite infection- if infection u up regulate the co stimulatory molecules

Front 45

When can OT be a problem?

Back 45

Developing oral vaccines- against mucosal pathogens is desirable u dont need neddles which is expensive painful