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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four sections that make up spinal cord? |
Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, and sacral |
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the central nervous system is made up of what? |
the brain and the spinal cord |
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The brainstem is composed of which parts |
the cerebellum, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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the brain is divided into which regions? |
1. cerebrum 2. diencephalon 3. brainstem
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what protects the brain |
1. Hair, skin, and cranium 2. Venous sinus blood 3. Meninges 3. Cerebrospinal fluid 4. blood brain barrier |
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The tissues of the CNS are divided into |
Gray matter and white matter |
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What does gray matter consist of? |
Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals |
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What is nuclei |
clusters of cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord |
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what does white matter consist of? |
mostly myelinated axons and contains very few cell bodies. Also contains tracts |
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What are tracts |
bundles of axons that connect different regions of the CNS |
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White matter in the spinal cord consists of.. |
axons carrying info to and from the brain |
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Gray matter in the spinal cord |
consists of sensory and motor nuclei |
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In the spinal cord, the dorsal root carries |
Sensory(afferent) information to CNS |
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The ventral root attached to the spinal cord carries.. |
efferent (motor) information to muscles and glands |
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ascending tracts |
carry sensory info to the brain |
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descending tracts |
carry commands to motor neurons from the brain |
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Where is basal ganglia located and what is it functions? |
Movement / located in cerebrum |
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Where is the corpus callosum and what is its function? |
Connections of left and right brain |
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What are the three parts of limbic system? |
Cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and hippocampus |
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What is the function of the hippocampus? |
Learning and memory |
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Function of amygdala |
emotion and memory |
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What parts make up the diencephalon? |
Thalamus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland |
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FUnction of thalamus |
Integrating center and relay station for sensory and motor information |
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Function of pineal gland |
melatonin secretion |
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Function of hypothalamus |
homeostasis and behavioral drives |
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function of pituitary gland |
hormone secretion |
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function of cerebellum |
movement coodination |
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Parts of brainstem |
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
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Functions of midbrain |
eye movement |
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Function of pons |
coordination of breathin, relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum |
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Medulla oblongata function |
control of involuntary functions |
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Cerebellum is responsible for |
coordination of motion |
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Where is the location of purkinjie cells that look like sea fans? |
Cerebellum |
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What is reticular formation? |
Network in brain stem, responsible for arousal, sleep, pain, and muscle tone |
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What is reticular formation |
lose network of neurons in the brainstem |
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Where do the cranial nerves originate |
Brainstem |
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The region where nerve tracts crossover from left to right and right to left is located where |
the pyramid region located on the medulla oblongata |
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What makes crossing over an important idea in the medulla? |
Because many nerves (sensory and motor) on the left side of your body make their synapses in your right brain for processing |
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Ipsilateral |
same side (not crossing the midline) |
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Contralateral |
opposite side(crossing the midline) |
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Tracts are |
bundles of axons and myelin projecting from one area of the brain to another |
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The midbrain in the brainstem is responsible for |
eye movement control |
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Most cranial nerves project into and or from the |
brainstem |
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Diencephalon contains |
Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal |
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Thalamus is responsible for |
relay and sensory integration |
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Hypothalamus is responsible for |
Hunger, stress, thirst: blood osmolarity, flight/fight pathways , anger/fear, circadian rhythms, coordinates with endocrine system |
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pituitary is responsible for |
trophic and other hormones |
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pineal |
melatonin |
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diencephalon |
homeostatic control centers |
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How does the cerebral spinal fluid protect the brain? |
It cushions the brain, reducing the effect of bumps to the head |
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the hypothalamus is located |
above the optic chiasm. |
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A neuron with its cell body in a dorsal root ganglion is part of which two divisions of the nervous system? |
afferent peripheral (neurons with their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia are afferent, |
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Which of the following structures is used to convey motor information |
the grey matter of the ventral horn in the spinal cord |
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The primary somatic motor cortex is located in |
the frontal lobe |
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which lobe coordinates information from other areas and controls some behaivors |
frontal lobe |
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The primary motor cortex and premotor cortex is located in which lobe |
frontal lobe |
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what is the function of the primary motor cortex |
skeletal muscle movement |
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the auditory cortex and auditory association area is located in which lobe |
temperal lobe |
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the function of the auditory cortex is |
hearing |
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which lobes make up the cerebral cortex |
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe |
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where is the primary somatic sensory cortex located? |
parietal lobe |
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what is the function of the primary somatic sensory cortex? |
sensory information from skin, musculoskeletal sytem, viscera, and taste buds |
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the visual cortex is located |
in the occipital lobe |
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function of visual cortex = |
vision |
