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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of system is the lymphatic system?
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Circulatory system!
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The lymphatic system consists of what three parts?
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1. Lymphatic vessels
2. Lymph 3. Lymphoid organs and tissues |
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What make up the lymphoid organs and tissues?
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Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, etc.
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What is Lymph?
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Fluid filtered out of the blood
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Lymphatic capillaries are found throughout the body except where?
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Skin, CNS, bones and teeth
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The lymphatic system supports what 3 functions?
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1. Digestive system
2. Cardiovascular system 3. Immune system |
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Lacteals are located where?
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Villi of the small intestine
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What is the function of lacteals?
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Absorp chylomicrons, transport lipids to the blood
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Why do chylomicrons enter the lacteals?
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Because they are more permeable than the blood capillaries
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What are 2 ways the lymphatic system supports the cardiovascular system?
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1. Provide a one-way system to drain fluid into the blood
2. Restore and maintain normal blood volume |
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What is one of the major ways the lymphatic system supports the cardiovascular system?
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Restores and maintains normal blood volume
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Fluid returning in lymphatic capillaries is called what?
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Lymph!
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What is the purpose of lymphatic capillaries intertwining with blood capillaries?
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To pick up fluid that has leaked out of blood capillaries
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To have blood flow through the capillaries, where is blood pressure higher? At the Arteriole or Venule?
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Higher at the Arteriole!
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Lymph forms at what rate?
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3 liters per day
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Fluid that has leaked into the IF cannot directly return to blood capillaries. Why?
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Blood capillaries are under too high a pressure
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Fluid in the IF pushes against lymphatic capillaries via flaplike minivalves to become what?
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Lymph!
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Lymph flows toward what?
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The heart!
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Lymph vessels include what three things?
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1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Lymphatic collecting vessels 3. Lymphatic trunks and ducts |
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Lymphatic Capillaries are very permeable and thus take up what?
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Take up proteins, cell debris, pathogens and cancer cells
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Is the flow of lymph a passive or active process?
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Passive process
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Lymph passes through what to be cleansed?
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Lymph nodes!
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After passing through the lymph nodes, where does lymph go?
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Lymph passes through lymphatic trunks and ducts and returns to large veins close to the heart
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The return of lymph is aided by what?
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Smooth muscle contraction in lymphatic vessels and throbbing of arteries
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Lymphatic ducts drain into what veins?
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Right and Left Subclavian veins just above the heart
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Wh doesn't lymph drain into the arteries?
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Arterial blood pressure is too high
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Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid organs and tissues provide the structural basis for what system?
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Immune system!
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What are Lymph Nodes?
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They are the principal lymphoid organs of the body
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What are the three important regions of lymph nodes?
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Groin, Armpit, and Neck
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What are the lymph nodes in the groin called?
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Inguinal nodes
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What are the lymph nodes called in the armpit?
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Axillary nodes
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What are the lymph nodes in the neck called?
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Cervical nodes
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Are there more afferent pathways in the lymphatic system or more efferent pathways?
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Afferent!
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Lymph nodes house what?
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Macrophages (phagocytic cells) and lymphocytes
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What do macrophages destroy?
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Microorganisms and cell debris
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Phagocytes eat what?
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Old cells, cancer, bacteria and viruses
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What may happen to lymph nodes during infection?
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They may swell and become painful as they trap bacteria, etc.
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If they trap cancer cells, what may happen to lymph nodes?
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May become swollen but not painful
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Can nodes be removed?
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Yup!
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If a patient has breast cancer, what nodes might be removed? What might this cause?
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The axillary cells might be removed which might cause extra swelling in that arm
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What are Lymphocytes?
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They are the main warriors of the immune system
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What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
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T cells and B cells
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T cells and B cells protect against what?
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Antigens!
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What are antigens?
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Anything the body perceives as foreign like bacteria, toxins, viruses, mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
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What are two other lymphoid cells?
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1. Macrophages that eat foreign cells and activate T cells
2. Dendritic cells which capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes |
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What is the spleen?
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Spleen is the organ that cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets and debris
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What does the spleen store?
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Stores breakdown products of RBCs (like iron) for later use
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Where do lymphocytes proliferates?
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The Spleen!
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What are lymphoid organs?
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Organs in various places in the body that also have lymphatic tissue to help defend the body
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Tonsils are in what region?
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Pharyngeal region
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Tonsils form a ring of what?
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Ring of lymphatic tissue at the back of the throat
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What is the purpose of the Tonsils?
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To trap and destroy bacteria entering in food or air
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What are Peyer's Patches?
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They are patches in the intestine and appendix that remove bacteria from ingested food
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What is the Thymus Gland?
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It is the site of development and maturation of T cells
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Is the Thymus gland large or small in infants?
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LARGE
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When is the Thymus gland the most active?
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During childhood
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When does the Thymus gland stop growing?
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In adolescence then atrophies
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