Human Geography Chapter 10 Vocab

Front 1

agribusiness

Back 1

commercial agriculture defined by the different steps in the food processing industry, usually owned by large corporations

Front 2

agriculture

Back 2

modifying earths surface through cultivating crops and raising livestock for sustenance or economic gain

Front 3

commercial agriculture

Back 3

agriculture generating products for sale off the farm

Front 4

crop rotation

Back 4

rotating crops using different fields from crop to crop

Front 5

double cropping

Back 5

harvesting twice a year from the same field

Front 6

fallow

Back 6

leaving a field empty to restore fertility

Front 7

green revolution

Back 7

rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology

Front 8

horticulture

Back 8

the growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers

Front 9

intensive subsistence agriculture

Back 9

a form of sub. ag. in which farmers expend a large amount of effort to produce the maximum yield from a small part of land

Front 10

milkshed

Back 10

the area surrounding a city where milk is supplied

Front 11

pastoral nomadism

Back 11

a form of sub. ag. based on herding domesticated animals

Front 12

von Thünen’s model of agriculture

Back 12

rings of agriculture around urbanization

Front 13

GMO combining two or more genes from different species to create food that’s more nutritious, better tasting, appealing, long lasting

Back 13

combining two or more genes from different species to create food that’s more nutritious, better tasting, appealing, long lasting

Front 14

plantation

Back 14

a large tropical farm specializing in the production of one or two crops for sale

Front 15

ranching

Back 15

a form of com. ag. in which livestock graze over an extensive area

Front 16

ridge tillage

Back 16

system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote soil conservation

Front 17

shifting cultivation

Back 17

a form of sub. ag. in nwhich people shift activity from one field to another, each field left fallow for long time

Front 18

slash and burn

Back 18

fields cleared by slashing vegitation and burning debris

Front 19

subsistence agriculture

Back 19

ag. providing food for direct consumption

Front 20

swidden

Back 20

a patch of land cleared for planting through sab

Front 21

sustainable agriculture

Back 21

farming that preserves productivity of land, minimizes pollution

Front 22

transhumance

Back 22

the seasonal migration of livestock between mtns and lowland pastures

Front 23

aquaculture

Back 23

raising aquatic animals or cultivating aquatic plants for food

Front 24

biotechnology

Back 24

biological process for industry, especially for GMO for the production of antibiotics, horomones

Front 25

boserup hypothesis

Back 25

thesis explaining how subsistence farming is influenced by population growth

Front 26

carl sauer

Back 26

argued that no land escaped alteration by human activities

Front 27

commodity chain

Back 27

process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods and distribute them to consumers

Front 28

dairying

Back 28

form of commercial ag. focusing on dairy products

Front 29

domestication

Back 29

to tame an animal and keep it for farm produce

Front 30

feedlot

Back 30

an area where livestock are fed and fattened up

Front 31

intertillage

Back 31

the clearing of rows in the field through the use of hoes, rakes, & other manual equipment

Front 32

livestock ranching

Back 32

commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

Front 33

luxury crops

Back 33

crops not essential for human survival, demanded in MDC grown in LDC

Front 34

market gardening

Back 34

small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers sold directly to consumers

Front 35

Mediterranean agriculture

Back 35

com. ag. growing crops of mediterranean diets

Front 36

neolithic revolution

Back 36

shift from hunting & gathering to agricultur

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rural settlement

Back 37

areas are characterised by farms, animal ranches, vegetation with sparse buildings

Front 38

subsidy

Back 38

money provided by the government so commodities can remain at a low price

Front 39

survey patterns

Back 39

patterns used to survey the land on Earth

Front 40

Thomas Malthus

Back 40

saying that human population will die out before agriculture does

Front 41

truck farming

Back 41

a farm producing vegetables for the market

Front 42

tragedies of the commons

Back 42

shared resource by individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest

Front 43

vertical integration

Back 43

the process a product goes through in different firms from raw materials to distribution