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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is Gregor Mendel? What did he do his tests on? |
Gregor Mendel is the person who started the proper study of genetics. He studied pea plants in order to figure out who genes and inheritance really works. |
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Define heredity. |
Transfer of traits from one generation to the next. |
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Define genetics. |
study of heredity |
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Who started genetics? |
Gregor Mendel. |
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How do character and trait differ? |
Character is a category, such as flower color, and trait is something specific in that category. |
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What is true-breeding? |
True-breeding is when every little thing between parent and offspring is the same. This often happens in self-fertilizing plants. |
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Give an example of a genotypic ratio and explain what it is. (Not numbers) |
T:t (could be any letters). It is the genetic makeup of offspring. |
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Give an example of a phenotypic ratio and explain what it is. (Not numbers.) |
tall:short (could be any characteristics). It is the physical appearance of offspring. |
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Give an example of a homozygous organism's genotype. |
TT (could be any letters) |
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Give an example of a heterozygous organism's genotype. |
Tt (could be any letters) |
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What is a testcross? Why would someone use a testcross? |
To determine the genotype of an organism. Cross an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive. |
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Sex linked traits are least likely to effect whom? |
Females. |
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Describe incomplete dominance. |
The alleles combine to make a different trait. (ex: red and white make pink.) |
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Describe codominance. |
The alleles work together and both appear in the phenotype. (ex: roan bull.) |
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Describe the Law of Independent Assortment. |
Traits are completely independent of each other and do not depend on each other. |
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Describe the Rule of Multiplication. |
The probability of two independent events happening. |
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Describe the Rule of Addition. |
The probability of an event that can occur in more than one way. |
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What is a pedigree? |
A map showing the genetic history of a family. |
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What is a carrier? |
They have the allele for a disorder but do not express it.
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Name two different types of genetic testing. |
Amniocentisis. Chorionic Villus Sampling. PKU. (Will accept blood testing, will NOT accept ultrasound.) |
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Define pleiotropy. |
When one gene influences many characters. |
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Define polygenic inheritance. |
When two or more genes effect the same phenotype. |
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Describe linked genes. |
genes close to each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together. |
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What are map units? |
How far apart the genes on a chromosome are. |
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How can map units be found? |
Find them by finding the percent of when crossing over has occurred in the offspring. |
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What are recombinant offspring? How did they occur? |
They are offspring who do not look like their parents are when they were being produced crossing over occurred. |
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How awesome are you? |
Like, super. |
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How often should you drink water? |
Whenever you can. Stay hydrated!! |
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Take care of yourself. |
Seriously. |
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Sit up straighter. |
Also, great job on studying! You are doing great! |
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Genes are found on what of a chromosome? |
locus |
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Sex-linked genes are usually on what chromosome? |
The X chromosome. |
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What type of alleles are most genetic disorders? |
recessive |
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What are the four blood types? (you just have to name the letters) |
A, B, AB, and O |
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What is a great way to pass this test? |
Don't overthink it! Mr. Hula said that some are the questions are easy. You will be fine. You are studying, and that means you are doing your best. That is all that matters, and tell anyone who says differently to talk to me. I'll teach them the right way to encourage students. |
