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174 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do acids attack?
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metals
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what do bases attack?
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emulsify oils (completely destroys proteins and fats)
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Bases end in?
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OH or CO3
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Acids being with?
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hydro
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Acids have which unique suffix with their name?
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ic
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Bases taste how?
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bitter
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Acids taste how?
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sour
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Acids donate which ions in a solution?
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Hydronium
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Acids donate what in a chemical reaction?
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protons
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acids are which numnbers on the pH scale?
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1-6.9
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what is a very strong acid?
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hydrochloric acid
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What do bases do in a reaction?
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accept the protons that the acids donate
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what ion do bases produce?
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hydroxide
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bases make things feel?
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slippery
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bases are what numbers on the pH scale"?
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7.1-14
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what is a very strong base?
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Sodium hydroxide NAOH
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what does p in pH stand for?
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concentration or how much
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what does the H in pH stand for?
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hydrogen
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Name HCl
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HydroChloric Acid
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Name H2SO4? Terenary
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Sulfuric Acid
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Name NAOH?
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Sodium Hydroxide
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what is another name for sodium hydroxide or NAOH?
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LYE
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What is avagadro's number?
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6.022*10^23
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what does avagadro's number mean?
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1 mole of anything contains exactly 6.022*10^23 atoms
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so then...1 mole of carbon is equal to how many atoms?
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6.022*10^23
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Given the triangles solve:
How many molecules are there in 500 grams of substance Na2SO3? |
1. find mol. weight
2. grams/mol weight 3.moles * 6.022*10^23 |
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What is molarity?
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how much solute is dissolved in the solvent
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What would be the molarity of the solution if you placed 500grams of Na2SO3 into 1500ml of water?
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1. FInd molec. weight=126
2. grams/molec. weight= 4mols 3. moles/liters=2.6 molarity= 2.6 molar |
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what is a homogenous mixture?
and what is an example? |
a mixture with same composition throughout
ex: milk (no pulp) |
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In a homogenous mixture particles will?
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not separate if left standing
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Will a fliter separate a homogenous mixture?
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no
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another name for a homogenous mixture is a?
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solution
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What is a heterogenous mixture?
and what is an example? |
a mixture with a different compostion throughout
ex: italian dressing |
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What is a suspension?
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components of a mixture are in a different phase..usually one is a liquid and 1 is a solid
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suspensions are always _____ because they are made up of more than one component
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heterogenous
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suspensions are always _____ because they are made up of more than one component
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heterogenous
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will suspensions separate during filteration?
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yes
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does the tyndall effect work with suspensions?
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yes
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What is a solution?
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a mixture that s homogenous, made of a solute and a solvent
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What is a solute?
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the component that gets dissolved (the one in lesser concentration)
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What is a solvent?
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the component that dissolves the others (higher concentration)
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what does tincture mean?
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alcohol is the solvent
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What are 4 common solutions? and what are they each called?
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1. water and sugar- syrup
2. table salt and water-brine 3. sterilized salt and water-saline 4. carbon dioxide gas and water-seltzer |
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What are some examples of suspensions?
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italian dressing
pepper water dusty air |
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What is a colloid?
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a type of homogenous mixture where the particles are too big to be dissolved but/and too small to be seen
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Name 3 examples of colloids?
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blood
oil paint whipped cream |
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What are the 3 types of radiation?
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alpha, beta, gamma
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alpha waves move very ?
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slow
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alpha can only cause damage to?
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skin
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what is alphas charge?
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+2
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In Alpha their mass number decreases by ___ and their atomic number decreases by ____
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4,2
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Beta particles are ___than alpha but ___ than gamma
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faster , slower
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What is beta's charge?
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-1
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For beta the mass number _____ while the atomic number ____
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stays the same, increases by 1
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beta can cause damage to?
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flesh, some organ damage
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Positron's charge is ?
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+1
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For positron the mass number ____ while the atomic number____
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stays same, decreases by 1
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Gamma radiaton is the ____ radiation
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fastest moving
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gamma's charge is
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neutral
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Beta radiation is trapped by?
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it can go through skin but is trapped by wood and aluminum
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Alpha is trapped by?
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skin, paper, wood
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Alpha is known as ____ or ____
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heavy, fat, slow moving
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Gamma rays are trapped by?
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lead and concrete, they go through skin wood and aluminum
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gamma rays can cause damage to?
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cells, dna,-- cancer
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gamma's mass number and atomic number both?
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stay the same
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Look at the EMR scale and answer the following questions
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!
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Which type of EMR has the least amount of energy?
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Long radio waves
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Which EMR has the longest wavelength?
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long radio waves
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The top of the wave is called?
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crest
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the bottom of the wavelength is called?
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trough
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the amount of wavelengths to pass a point in a space per second is called?
and the unit is? |
frequency measured in Hertz
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The heigh of the wave is called the?
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amplitude
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The difference from one crest to another is called the?
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wavelength
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Solve these radioactive decay problems
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!
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Radium 226 goes under alpha decay, what does it become?
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86R/222
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Bismuth 214 undergoes beta decay, what does it become?
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84 Po 214
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U 235 undergoes electron capture what does it become?
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93 Np 235
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The isotope N-14 has how many electrons, protons, and neutrons?
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7 electrons, 7 neutrons, 7 protons
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How do you figure out from an isotope how many electrons they have?
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their atomic number
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how can you tell from an isotope how many protons they have?
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their atomic number
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how can you tell how many neutrons an isotope has?
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bottom - top
mass - atomic number |
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what is heat energy measured in?
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calories
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what is a calorie?
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the amount of heat energy required to change one gram of water by 1 degree celsius
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what is the unit for food energy?
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Kilocalorie OR Calorie
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what is the unit for basic heat?
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joule
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what is specific heat?
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the amount heat required to change the temperature of a substance by some amount
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What is heat of fusion?
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the amount of heat required to change a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a solid
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what is heat of vaporization?
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the amount of heat required to change a liquid to a gas or a gas to a liquid
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What is radiation?
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the transfer of energy through open space
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What is convection?
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hot things rise, cool things settle
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What is conduction?
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transfer of energy through through a material
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give 3 examples of radiation?
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the sun. radiator, heater,
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give 3 examples of convection
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lava lamp, convection room,food in microwave,baked cake
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give 3 examples of conduction
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silver copper gold
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What are very good conductors of heat?
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Silver, Copper Gold Aluminum
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What is an insulator?
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things that dont transfer heat energy or any energy well
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What is an example of a very good insulator?
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fiber glass
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Define Temperature
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measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules
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What is Fahrenheit?
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Temperature scale used in the US
created by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit |
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What is the boiling temperature of water on the Fahrenheit scale?
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212 degrees F
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What is the freezing temperature of water on the Fahrenheit scale?
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32 degrees F
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What is the normal temperature of the body on the Fahrenheit Scale?
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98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
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What is a normal room temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?
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68-72 degrees F
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What is Celsius
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the temperature scale created by Anders Celsius most people out of US use it
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What is the boiling temperature of water on the Celsius scale?
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100 degrees C
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What is the freezing temperature of water on the Celsius scale?
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0 degrees C
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What is the normal body temperature on the Celsius scale?
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37 degrees C
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What is the normal room temperature on the Celsius scale?
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21-22 degrees C
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What is the coldest possible temperature?
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0 K
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Which temperature scales increase and decrease by the same amount?
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Kelvin and Celsius
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What scale has no negative numbers?
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Kelvin
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What is Kelvin?
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Temperature scale using no negative numbers mainly used by scientists
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ON the Kelvin scale what is the boiling temperature of water?
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373 K
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On the Kelvin scale what is the freezing temperature of water?
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273 K
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On the Kelvin scale what is the normal body heat?
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310 K
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What is rotation?
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spinning of a body on its axis
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The earth rotates at exactly how fast?
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1100 mph
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What are the four time zones?
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MT, PT, CT, EST
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What does MT stand for?
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Mountain Time
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what does PT stand for?
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Pacific Time
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What does CT stand for?
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Central Time
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What does EST stand for?
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Eastern Time
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What does IDL stand for?
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International Date Line
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IDL is the first what?
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first place on earth to reveive the new day
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What is GMT?
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greenwich mean time
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What is revolution?
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movement of a body about some point in space
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ONe revolution is called?
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one year
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ONe rotation of earth is called?
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one day
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What is precession?
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the movement of the axis
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earth is currently tilted at?
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23.5 degrees
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If the sun is directly to the left of the earth what time is it on the top of the earth?
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6 am
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If the sun is directly to the left of the earth what time is it on the west side ( or the side closer to the sun)
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12 noon
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If the sun is directly to the left of the earth what time is it on the southern side (bottom) of the earth?
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6pm
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If the sun is directly to the left of the earth what time is it on the left side of the earth (the side that is not facing the sun at all)
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12 midnight
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What does it mean to orbit the earth?
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you're in a constant state of freefall and you're falling around the earth because the earth has a magnetic sort of field around it that's pulling you in
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What is a projectile?
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any falling object
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the path of a projectile is called?
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trajectory
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what is free fall?
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constant state of fall
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What is a satellite?
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an object designed to be launched into orbit around a planet--or a natural body that revolves around a planet
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What happens to gravity as mass increases?
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gravity increases (directly proportional)
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what happens to gravity as distance increases?
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gravity decreases (inversely proportional)
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What does the external fuel tank supply to?
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to the three space shuttle main engines
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what does SRB stand for?
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solid rocket booster
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What do the SRBs do?
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provides the main thrust when taking off
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What is the purpose of the OMS engine?
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put spaceshuttle into orbit
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Which was the first apollo mission to land on the moon?
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Apollo 11
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Which apollo mission blew up on the launch pad in 1967?
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Apollo 1
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Which apollo mission blew up on the way to the moon?
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Apollo 13
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How many missions successfuly made it to the moon?
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6
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What was the name of the rocket that was built to propel the astronauts all the way to the moon?
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Saturn V 5
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On December 21st the sun is directly over the?
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Tropic of Capricorn
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On june 21st the sun is directly over the?
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Tropic of Cancer
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WHen the sun is directly over the tropic of cancer and capricorn on June 21st and December 21st this is called?
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solstices
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On March 21st and September 21st, the sun is directly over?
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the equator
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On March 21st and September 21st when the sun is directly over the equator this is called?
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equinoxes
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The region between the tropic of cancer and capricorn is called the?
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tropics
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the tropics receive almost ___ amounts of direct sunlight and daylight all year
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equal
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This fact means that days and temperature are?
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pretty much the same length and around the same temp. year round
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the regions above and below the tropic of cancer and capricorn are the ?
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temperates
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the temperates experience?
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all 4 seasons
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December 21st begins which season in the northern hemisphere?
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winter
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December 21st beings which season in the southern hemisphere?
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summer
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March 21st begins which season in the northern hemisphere?
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spring
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March 21st begins which season in the southern hemisphere?
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fall
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June 21st begins which season in the northern hemisphere?
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summer
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June 21st begins which season in the southern hemisphere?
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winter
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September 21st begins which season in the northern hemisphere?
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fall
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September 21st begins which season in the southern hemisphere?
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spring
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66.5 degrees in both the north and south lattitudes are the?
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artic and antarctic circles
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the arctic and antarctic circles are known as the ?
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arctic regions
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both regions receive very little direct sunlight and as a result lack?
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any sort of summer
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On june 21st The north receives nearly ____ hours of direct sunlight whie the south receives _____?
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24, complete darkness
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A special feature that occurs on June 21st in the northern hemisphere is ?
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the northern lights
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On the noon sun angle sheet if both numbers are North you?
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subtract
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