History To 1877

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Anne Hutchinson

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-Political trial was in 1620s
-She was a Puritan emigrant that came to the Americas t follow her preacher.
-She held meeting each week with other women and they would discuss the past weeks sermon. They were convicted of antimonism (opposition to the law). She was also convicted of corrupting puritan theology and threatening the moral basis of society. She was guilty and banished to Rhode Island.

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Puritans

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-Setteled the MA Bay colony in the 1630s
-They were a religious group that based their communities around church and schools. They thought that edu. was important because you had to be educated to read the bible. They also thought that god had already chosen who was going to heaven and hell. they kept their communities "sound" and "pure" so that nobody's bad experience or choice would affect anybody else
-The puritans are significant because they traveled to the Americas to escape the church of England. After the Glorious Rev. Andros was appointed governor of the MA Bay colony. Andros wasn't puritan. The Puritans overthrew him and went back to the ways things were before the Rev for a while. Eventually new rules overstepped old ones. Puritan women were allowed to vote in later times showing that there were other influences other than puritans. The puritans were loosing their influence because there were members from the Church of England residing in their country.

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Glorious Revolution in England

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-1688
- King Charles II of england died and his openly Catholic brother James II became king. In 1688 James II's wife gave birth to a son, the Protestants were afraid that the catholic king line would continue. To prevent this a group of protestant invited the Protestant prince of the Netherlandsand his wife to take the throne of England.
-It was significant because England became Protestant and the Catholic king line was interupted. It was glorious because there was basically no bloodshed. After word traveled of the Protestant overthrowing James II, New York, Maryland, and New Englanders overthrew the leaders of their colonies. The Glorious Rev was a time of colonial upheaval. The rev establishes England as a contitutional monarch. Colonists are concerned about the tensions between the protestants and the Catholics. The colonists were nervous and wanted a feeling of control.

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Salem Witch Trials

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-Crisis took place in 1692
-Trials in Puritan communities that accused people of literally being witches. Although there is no real understanding of what causes the trials were; Children taking part in activities they weren't supposed to in puritan society like forunetelling. Problems between older and younger generations in Salem. Old family grudges. Tensions between agricultural salem villege and commercial salem town. The villegaer were poor and didnt want to travel to the towns to worship so they had their own minister which was controversial. There was economic resentment toward the villagers for not coming into the town. Mass hallucination or hysteria. Fear of indian attacks. Many of the girls that were accused were orphans or had single parents because the indians killed them in attacks. the fear could have lest PTSD. Indians were associated with the devil. Some of the accused were women who had land and the males were threatened.

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Fort Duquense

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-1770s.
-It is the meeting point of three rivers in the Americas.
- The land was significant because the land was economically important in controlling the Ohio country. The British wanted the Land because they wanted to keep the french out while they were making their way west. the Indians wanted to keep the British and the french out, however, in the end the French claimed the fort.

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the French and Indian war

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-1775
-The last of the 4 wars between France and England.
-The war was significant because it was initiated when tensions between french and enlgish grew because the English population grew significantly. French resisted the english by constructing new forst to keep out the English. Colonistswanted the Iriquois on their side against french. war broke out in 1755 and the French and Indians defeatd the English by Fort Duqunse. The fench were victorious for 2 yrs until Pritt became Prime Minister of England and sent in thousands of troops to win. England captured key french forts and captured montreal which shattered french power. The war Resulted in the Treaty of Paris. Paved way for the American Revolution

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Treaty of Paris (1783)

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-1783
-France gave up Canada and all its territory east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, to England. Spain gave Florida to England
- Significant because the treaty was not beneficial to Indians who relied on more than one ource of European trade. The English continue to take the Indians land, and now the English have more land than the french. Resulted in the Proclamation of 1763 where England created line along Appalachians from Maine to Georgia to separate Indians and colonists.
1. Pushes Indians to the west.
2. Colonists settling in the Ohio River Valley
ii. This only succeeded in making relations between colonists and Indians more tense.

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Albany Congress (1754)

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-1754
-meeting of representatives of seven of the British North American colonies in 1754 (specifically, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island)
-Representatives met daily at Albany, New York from June 19 to July 11 to discuss better relations with the Indian tribes and common defensive measures against the French.The assembly adopted a plan developed by Benjamin Franklin for government of the colonies by a central executive and a council of delegates. Although rejected by England and the colonies, the Albany Plan became a useful guide in the years leading up to the Revolutionary War.

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American Revolution

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-1775-1783
-political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America at first rejected the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and later the British monarchy itself, to become the sovereign United States of America.
-commenced a series of intellectual, political, and social shifts in early American society and government. The development of republicanism in the United States was particularly significant, including installation of a representative government responsible to the will of the people, thus rejecting the prevalent plutocracies of the inherited aristocracies in Europe at the time. However, sharp political debates broke out over the level of democracy desirable in the new government, with a number of Founders fearing mob rule.The basic issues of national governance were settled with the unanimous ratification in 1788 of the Constitution of the United States (written in 1787), which replaced the relatively weak Articles of Confederation (ratified 1781) that framed the first attempt at a national government.

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Stamp act (riots)

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-1765
-tax placed on stamps.
- Resulted in disgust in the colonies. a. The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first legislature to react to the news of the Stamp act in 1765.i. People didn’t but any of the papers that needed stamps to boycott the taxes. In NY, the Sons of Liberty formed to protest the Act In March 1766, Parliament voted to repeal the Stamp Act. People are afraid of all the violence and it created a time of uncertainty.

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Virtual Representation

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-1764-65
-no person is there to represent you, it’s a written document. They try to represent what’s best for everybody. Parliament.
-The articles of confederation was the first document and then gave wy to the constitution.

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The Gaspee

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-1772
-the Gaspee, an English warship, was boarded and burned by angry Rhode Islanders
-Samuel Adams used this event as a rallying cry for the colonies. Intercolonial Committees of correspondence est. in 1773 to pass information.

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The Boston Tea Party

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-1773
-60 colonists dumped over 300 lbs of tea owned by EIC into the Boston Harbor in response to the tea act which gave a monopoly on colonial tea imports to the EIC.
-The Tea act made it cheaper to buy tea legally even with the tax. This made colonial merchants mad because they made money off of smuggling British Tea. Parliment passed coercive acts which the colonists call “Intolerable Acts,” to punish Boston and MA (included Boston Port Act and Quartering Act); followed by Quebec Act. The quartering act says that they can put British soldiers in citizens (Boston and MA) homes

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Committees of Correspondence

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-1773
-bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colony
-These served an important role in the Revolution by dispersing he colonial interpretation of British actions between the colonies and to foreign governments. The committees of correspondence rallied opposition on common causes and established plans for collective action, and so the group of committees was the beginning of what later became a formal political union among the colonies.

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Coercive Acts

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-1774
-series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.
-The acts sparked outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies and were important developments in the growth of the American Revolution. Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 1773; the British Parliament hoped these punitive measures would, by making an example of Massachusetts, reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1765 Stamp Act.

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Samuel Adams

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- 1700s
-led the formation of the Committess of Corespondence
- one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a politician in colonial Massachusetts, Adams was a leader of the American Revolution, and was one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States.

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Boston Massacre

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-1770
-incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops.
-the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British American colonies, which culminated in the American Revolution.
-A tense situation because of a heavy British military presence in Boston boiled over to incite brawls between soldiers and civilians and eventually led to troops discharging their muskets after being attacked by a rioting crowd.

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Proclamation of 1763

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-1763
-England created line along Appalachians from Maine to Georgia to separate Indians and colonists.
-Pushes Indians to the west. Colonists settling in the Ohio River Valley. This only succeeded in making relations between colonists and Indians more tense

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the Olive Branch Petition

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-1775
-Lifting of some of the coercive acts: Boston wants troops removed, and the port opened.
-The petition takes a long time to reach king George in England. By the time he gets it new of the casualties is reaching him too. King gets mad and doesn’t take the petition very seriously. He doesn’t grant the demands, and cuts the colonists off and punishes them.

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Articles of confederation

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-1776/77
-to solve the problem of the Congress lacking authority and power to govern effectively the articles of Confederation were created.
-All 13 states had to agree and sign them. Articles outlined a strong unified government, a proposal that met strong opposition from delegates who feared losing state power to a centralized government.
Delegates feared that they might create a monster and tyranny. A compromise was reached that gave limited power to the Congress and broad governing powers to the states.The Articles were sent to the States, but weren’t ratified until 1781

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Shay's Rebellion

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-1786
-Under leadership of Daniel Shays, MA farmers gather to close down courts in a response to the collapsing tower of credit
-1. If you owed debt you would go to Debtor’s Prision. Women and children left would live a terrible life with no money. target the courts because that is where the decisions were made about who goes to debtor’s prison. Rebellion was put down by state militia but left leaders worried about social and political instabilities

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The great compromise

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-1787
-Delegates agreed that representation in the lower house should be based on the total of each state’s white population plus three-fifths of its black population.
ii. Each state should have an equal vote in the senate.
iii. An electoral college of wise and experiences leaders would meet to choose the president.
1. The founding fathers did not believe in democracy. They were afraid of giving too much power to the masses. The Founding Fathers were for Republics.
iv. House of Representatives would be popularly elected, and a number of representatives would be based on state’s population.
v. International slave trade could continue for another 20 (1808) years, and slavery would not be abolished.
1. After 1808 slaves could not be imported. Didn’t ban slavery just the importation of people.

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Federalists

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-Wanted the new constitution and a strong centralized government.

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Anti-federalists

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-1780s
-Anti-Federalists opposed the new Constitution; they feared that a strong central government would threaten state interests and would become corrupt.
-disagreement between the feds. and anti-feds. resulted in the Bill of Rights was added to Constitution as compromise to safeguard civil liberties.

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George Washington

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-1700s. Inaugurated as president in 1789
-He shaped US presidency.
-All other presidents look back and ask “what would Washington do?” He was concerned about how people looked at him. He wanted to be seen as a virtuous leader. He put his public interest fist, and his self-interest last.

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Alexander Hamilton

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-1755
-(Federalist) First US secratary of the treasury. Hamilton’s economic program includes tariffs on imported goods, domestic goods like whiskey, and he est. first bank of the US.
-He wanted US goods to be competitive. He wanted Americans to make and sell their own goods. He wanted to develop a bank so that people would invest in America. He believed in a strong central government. Wanted to have better ties with the British.

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The Whiskey Rebellion

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-1794
-reveals division between Jefferson and Hamilton and their parties.
-Farmers got mad because of the tax on whiskey even though it was homemade in their own distilleries. The Whiskey Rebellion got rid of the whiskey tax.

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Jefferson

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Jefferson was much different than Hamilton. Jefferson was a states’ rights person. He believed that the people should have more power.
He wanted better ties with the French. He thought that giving everybody their own land would be the best because people would be able to be self-sufficient.
He was positive about human nature.

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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-1798
-a. Federalists used XYZ affair to squash Republican subversives; they codified this in four laws known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. Naturalization Act eextendend from 5 to 14 years the residence requirement for American citizenship
-Many of the supporters of the republican party were immigrants. Alien Act authorized the president to expel “–“all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." Alien Enemies Act, empowered the president in time of war to arrest, imprison, or banish the subjects of any hostile nation. Sedition Act, which was aimed directly at the Jeffersonian opposition, made it a high misdemeanor for anyone to conspire in opposition to the government.
A number of Republican newspaper editors, and even one Republican congressman, were indicted and convicted under these acts. Jefferson and Madison retaliate with Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions arguing that each state has right to judge whether a federal action is constitutional.

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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

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-1798
-were political statements in favor of states' rights and Strict Constructionism. They were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.They were passed in opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
-The resolutions declared that the Constitution merely established a compact between the states and that the federal government had no right to exercise powers not specifically delegated to it under the terms of the compact; should the federal government assume such powers, its acts under them would be unauthoritative and therefore void. It was the right of the states and not the federal government to decide as to the constitutionality of such acts
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Pilgrims

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-1620-1691
-English colonial venture in North America. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
-Founded by a group including separatists who later came to be known as the Pilgrim Fathers, Plymouth Colony was, along with Jamestown, Virginia, one of the earliest successful colonies to be founded by the English in North America and the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region. Ultimately, the colony was annexed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691. Rather than being entrepreneurs like many of the settlers of Jamestown, the citizens of Plymouth were fleeing religious persecution and searching for a place to worship as they saw fit. The social and legal systems of the colony became closely tied to their religious beliefs, as well as English custom.

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Virginia Company

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-1606
-pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I on April 10 1606[1][2][3] with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America[4].
-The two companies, called the "Virginia Company of London" (or the London Company) and the "Virginia Company of Plymouth" (or Plymouth Company) operated with identical charters but with differing territories. An area of overlapping territory was created. Within the area of overlap, the two companies were not permitted to establish colonies within one hundred miles of each other. The Plymouth Company never fulfilled its charter, and its territory that later became New England was then also claimed by France.The charters of the companies called for a local council for each, but with ultimate authority residing with the King through the Council of Virginia[5] in England.

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George Whitfield

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-1700s
-was an Anglican itinerant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in Great Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies.
-All of the Awakeners preached that the established clergy was too traditional to bring faith and piety to a new generation. They also preached that individuals were responsible for their own conversion.The Awakening promited different religious beliefs and showed that all religios denominations were legitamate
Caused tensions. The awakening helped the different Protestant churches in the colonies learn to live in harmony. The Awakening showed the necessity of separating church and state. It also demonstrated that diverse views within communities could not be prevented. New colleges were established during the Awakening that reflected the variety of religious denominations in the colonies. It drew Native Americans and African Americans to Protestantism for the first time and gave women more prominence in some denominations. The Awakening gave ordinary people new feelings of authority and self-control. The first inter-colonial experience

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"New Lights"

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-18th century
- Advocates of the Great Awakening.The New Light Schism was a division in the Presbyterian and Congregational denominations primarily over practical matters of Christian experience. Presbyterian schism occurred in 1741 when the Old Lights, who were predominantly of Scotch - Irish heritage, ejected the New Light faction and formed the Old Side synod of Philadelphia. The New Light party, with their English Puritan background, grew out of the Great Awakening and revived a more experiential interpretation of the Christian life. They organized the New Side presbyteries of New Brunswick and Londonderry.
-stressed Puritan piety as indispensable to Calvinist theology. They preached conviction of sin, teaching their hearers that true faith in Christ required a vital conversion experience leading to moral obedience and personal holiness.

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John Edwards

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-1700s
-He admitted that instances of doctrinal and ecclesiastical disorder existed. But he argued that believers could distinguish between genuine and counterfeit awakenings by examining whether they brought love for Christ, Scripture, and truth and opposition to evil. Edwards defined the essence of true religion as "holy affections." Religious experience is not limited to the mind. When regenerated by the Holy Spirit, man's whole being, heart, mind, will, and affections, is engaged.
-his schism helped Edwards and his followers revive a balanced, vital Calvinism.Calvinism in a rationalistic manner, claimed that holding orthodox theology was more important than Christian living. For them God's sovereign decree determined who was elect, and correct theological belief, not manner of life, was the only major practical sign of salvation.

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Alexander Hamilton

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-1755
-(Federalist) First US secratary of the treasury. Hamilton’s economic program includes tariffs on imported goods, domestic goods like whiskey, and he est. first bank of the US.
-He wanted US goods to be competitive. He wanted Americans to make and sell their own goods. He wanted to develop a bank so that people would invest in America. He believed in a strong central government. Wanted to have better ties with the British.

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The Whiskey Rebellion

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-1794
-reveals division between these two men and their parties.
-Farmers got mad because of the tax on whiskey even though it was homemade in their own distilleries. The Whiskey Rebellion got rid of the whiskey tax.

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Jefferson

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-1743-1826
Jefferson was much different than Hamilton. Jefferson was a states’ rights person. He believed that the people should have more power.
He wanted better ties with the French. He thought that giving everybody their own land would be the best because people would be able to be self-sufficient.
He was positive about human nature.

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William Penn

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-1644-1718
-English founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. State of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his good relations and his treaties with the Lenape Indians.
-Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed. As one of the earlier supporters of colonial unification, Penn wrote and urged for a Union of all the English colonies in what was to become the United States of America. The democratic principles that he set forth in the Pennsylvania Frame(s) of Government served as an inspiration for the United States Constitution. As a pacifist Quaker, Penn considered the problems of war and peace deeply, and included a plan for a United States of Europe, "European Dyet, Parliament or Estates," in his voluminous writings.

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William Pitt

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-1700s
-driving force behind the British victory in the Seven Years War, known as the French and Indian War in North America
-The extensive triumph was instrumental in establishing a truly global empire.

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Sons of liberty

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-later half of 18th century
-secret organization of American patriots which originated in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. British authorities and their supporters, known as Loyalists, considered the Sons of Liberty as seditious rebels, referring to them as "Sons of Violence" and "Sons of Iniquity."
-Patriots attacked the apparatus and symbols of British authority and power such as property of the gentry, customs officers, East India Company tea, and as the war approached, vocal supporters of the Crown.

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Loyalists

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-18th century
-American colonists who remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britain (and the British monarchy) during and after the American Revolutionary War.
-When their cause was defeated, about 20% of the Loyalists left the US to resettle in other parts of the British Empire, in Britain or elsewhere in British North America (especially New Brunswick), where they were called United Empire Loyalists; some went to the British West Indies, especially the Bahamas). Black Loyalists made up some of the Loyalist community. They lost all the property left behind, but were compensated by British claims procedures.[1] about 20% f the white colonists were loyalists.

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Inner light

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-Inner Light is a concept which many Quakers, members of the Religious Society of Friends, use to express their conscience, faith and beliefs. Each Quaker has a different idea of what they mean by "inner light", and this also varies internationally between Yearly Meetings, but the idea is often taken to refer to God's presence within a person, and to a direct and personal experience of God. Quakers believe that God speaks to everyone, and that in order to hear God's voice, it helps to be still and actively listen for it.
-This is often done in meeting for worship; Paul Lacout, in Quaker Faith and Practice, described a "silence which is active" causing the Inner Light to "glow".[1]

They believe not only that individuals can be guided by this Inner Light, but that Friends might meet together and receive collective guidance from God by sharing the concerns and leadings that he gives to individuals.

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Middle Passage

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-1600-1700
-forcible passage of African people from Africa to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with commercial goods, which were in turn traded for kidnapped Africans who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the enslaved Africans were then sold or traded as commodities for raw materials,[1] which would be transported back to Europe to complete the "triangular trade". The term "Middle Passage" refers to that middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle in which millions[2] of Africans were imprisoned, enslaved, and removed from their homelands.
-An estimated 15% of the Africans died at sea, with mortality rates considerably higher in Africa itself in the process of capturing and transporting indigenous peoples to the ships.[4] The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million; a broader look at African deaths directly attributable to the institution of slavery from 1500 to 1900 suggests up to four million African deaths

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Indentured servants

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-1600s
- laborer under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities. Unlike a slave, an indentured servant is required to work only for a limited term specified in a signed contract. The labor-intensive cash crop of tobacco was farmed in the American South by indentured laborers in the 17th and 18th centuries.[3] Indentured servitude was not the same as the apprenticeship system by which skilled trades were taught, but similarities do exist between the two mechanisms, in that both require a set period of work.
-The importance of indenture can be seen in Virginia, where in 1618 the colony offered a headright, a grant of 50 acres per servant, as an incentive to planters to import more servants from England. The headright became the property of the owner, not the servant. (Galenson, 12) According to Galenson, "the basic elements of the system were in use by the Virginia Company by 1620, and may have been worked out earlier ..."In practice, the servant would sell himself to an agent or ship captain before leaving the British Isles. In turn, the contract would be sold to a buyer in the colonies to recover the cost of the passage. The crossing in steerage was grim. One indentured servant, Thomas Morally, was given three biscuits a day to eat and each mess of five men was given three pints of water per day.

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Headright system

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-1618
-legal grant of land to settlers. Headrights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave head to settlers, and the Plymouth Company followed suit. Most headrights were for 1 to 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land, and were given to anyone willing to cross the Atlantic Ocean and help populate the colonies. These were granted to anyone who would pay for the transportation costs of a laborer or Indentured servant. These land grants consisted of 50 acres for someone newly moving to the area and 100 acres for people previously living in the area.
-By giving the land to the landowning masters the indentured servants had little or no chance to procure their own land. This kept many colonials poor and led to strife between the poor servants and wealthy landowners.

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Columbian Exchange

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-1600s
-was the enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas.
-It was one of the most significant events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in all of human history. Christopher Columbus' first voyage launched an era of large-scale contact between the Old and the New Worlds that resulted in this ecological revolution: hence the name "Columbian" Exchange.The Columbian Exchange greatly affected almost every society on earth. New diseases (some from Asia) to which indigenous people had no immunity, depopulated many cultures. By some estimates, nearly 80 percent of the native population of the Americas was wiped out from the introduction of European diseases.On the other hand, the contact between the two areas circulated a wide variety of new crops and livestock which supported increases in population. Explorers returned to Europe with maize, potatoes, and tomatoes, which became very important crops in Eurasia by the 18th century

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Leisler's Rebellion

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-late 17th century
-uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691.
-The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troops sent by James' successor, William III.

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Spanish Armada

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-1585
-Spanish fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, with the intention of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England.He had supported plots to have her overthrown in favor of her Catholic cousin Mary I of Scotland, but Elizabeth had Mary imprisoned, and she was finally executed in 1587.
-The Armada achieved its first goal and anchored outside Gravelines, at the coastal border area between France and the Spanish Netherlands. While awaiting communications from Parma's army, it was driven from its anchorage by an English fire ship attack, and in the ensuing battle at Gravelines the Spanish were forced to abandon their rendezvous with Parma's army.
The Armada managed to regroup and withdraw north, with the English fleet harrying it for some distance up the east coast of England. A return voyage to Spain was plotted, and the fleet sailed into the Atlantic, past Ireland. But severe storms disrupted the fleet's course, and more than 24 vessels were wrecked on the north and western coasts of Ireland, with the survivors having to seek refuge in Scotland. Edinger (2001) states that the Spanish Armada was sunk primarily by shipworms.[12] Of the fleet's initial complement, about 50 vessels failed to make it back to Spain. The expedition was the largest engagement of the undeclared Anglo–Spanish War

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Roanoke Colony

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-late 16th century
-present-day North Carolina was an enterprise financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh. It was carried out by Ralph Lane and Richard Grenville (Raleigh's cousin) in the late 16th century to establish a permanent English settlement in the Virginia Colony.
-Between 1585 and 1587, several groups attempted to establish a colony, but either abandoned the settlement or disappeared. The final group of colonists disappeared after three years elapsed without supplies from the Kingdom of England during the Anglo-Spanish War, leading to the continuing mystery known as "The Lost Colony".

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Declaratory Act

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-1766
-Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766, during America's colonial period, one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies and cancel the majority of the effects of the Stamp Act.
-It stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever".

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Sugar Act

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-1764
-Act that put a three-cent tax on foreign refined sugar and increased taxes on coffee, indigo, and certain kinds of wine. It banned importation of rum and French wines.
-hese taxes affected only a certain part of the population, but the affected merchants were very vocal. Besides, the taxes were enacted (or raised) without the consent of the colonists. This was one of the first instances in which colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed

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Benjamin Franklin

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-1700s
-one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America.
-Franklin is credited as being foundational to the roots of American values and character, a marriage of the practical and democratic Puritan values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment.

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Bacon's Rebellion

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-1676
-uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter
-t was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against Native American raids on the frontier, as well as policies of favoritism shown by the Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. It was one of the first times that poor whites and poor blacks were united in a cause. This was a fear of the ruling class, and it led to the hardening of racial lines with slavery.[1] [2] While the farmers did not succeed in their goal of driving Native Americans from Virginia, the rebellion did result in Berkeley being recalled to England to answer for the local problems.