History Of Architecture Exam 3

Front 1

Horyuji (Nara)

Back 1

oldest wooden temple
first house then temple
Ashoka - after buddha died he tried to make amends for being a violent king and codified faith

Front 2

todai (Nara)

Back 2

tall building
60 ft buddha inside
distance religion, capital is moved from Nara to Kyoto

Front 3

Byodo In (Ugi)

Back 3

"pheonix temple"
source for faith

Front 4

Tyka Reform

Back 4

idea to copy everything about China to give themselves an air of authority

Front 5

Grand Shrine of Ise

Back 5

The gate at the entrance tothe shrine

Front 6

Shintai Ceremony

Back 6

last ceremony, moving of the mirror

Front 7

Minka House

Back 7

Jomon people
found in rice growing areas
rice straw thatch roof

Front 8

Vernacular Architecture

Back 8

architecture of a certain poeple, place or region, local style

Front 9

Hakka People

Back 9

nomadic

Front 10

Confucius

Back 10

teacher, ideas centered for harmoney were based on social hierarchy
put scholars and people who directly contribute to society very high on the list

Front 11

Hutog House (?)

Back 11

courtyard house
disappearing quickly
alley (not a public space)
traps cool air during the summer and heat in the winter

Front 12

Tomb of Qin Shi Huang

Back 12

emperor Qin Shi Huang was first emperor
unified china
paranoid - built many palaces and moved frequently
army of terra cotta warriors

Front 13

Temple of Heaven

Back 13

emperor would pray for good harvest
Shine She yon was emperor when built
3 (building levels, sets of stairs)
seats are lower, changing scale and look of architecture
built 1406 to 1420

Front 14

Forbidden City (beijing)

Back 14

built by Shin She Yon
axial progression wouth to north
random water line
emperor was in the middle
everything revolved him

Front 15

Beijing

Back 15

means "northern capital"
begunby Genghis Khan
courtyard houses, with elaborate gateways for security
organized on a grid around well
Magaz-offset entrance
oriented through ideas of Feng Shui

Front 16

Imperial City

Back 16

Section of the city of beijin, forbidden city in the middle

Front 17

white horse temple

Back 17

first buddhist temple in china

Front 18

Songyue Pagoda

Back 18

oldest pagoda, retains orginal stupa shape

Front 19

suzhou

Back 19

near shanghai
15-20 gardens
much more styalized and predicatable than japanese gardens

Front 20

shaanxi

Back 20

central-east china
Quaio: banker starts building courtyard housing and expands until its a small city. first ranking system
gate didnt line up on axis (security, ghost)
oldest civilization found

Front 21

shanghai

Back 21

shop house: goods unloaded on canal side, sold on road-side
families live above shop
pelt and limestone
Li: alleys perpendicular to main streets

Front 22

Mayan code

Back 22

complex hieroglyphic language

Front 23

milpas

Back 23

Mayan house

Front 24

cenote

Back 24

sinkhole used for sacrificial offerings

Front 25

Chac Mool

Back 25

bench used for sacrifical offerings

Front 26

temple of giant Jaguar (tikal)

Back 26

one of strongest Mayan cities
giant pyramid faces setting sun
built by Yikin Chan Kawil
built with malleable limestone
coated with mayan stucco and painted red

Front 27

Palenke

Back 27

temple of inscriptions: morturary shrine for Pacal
built with wide vaults
three pyramid cmplex:temple of the cross, temple of the foliated corss and temple of the sun (built by Kan Bahl Am, son of Pacal)

Front 28

chichen - itza

Back 28

northern mayan city which became very important after fall Palenke?Calakmul
El Castillo: main building, built according to solar calender

Front 29

Uxmal

Back 29

the place of the governers
city state
puk style: ornate architecture
powerful horizontal forum
datum, linear organization
rooms 10 x 10

Front 30

Caracal

Back 30

observatory oriented toward venus

Front 31

Palatine Chapel (Aachen)

Back 31

no saint buried here: church for worshipping Charlemagne
designed by odo from Metz
strong symmetry

Front 32

Martyrian form

Back 32

centralized from focuses on emperor

Front 33

Hildesheim

Back 33

oldest churches built around 1000 AD
apse at end for priest
attempt to copy glory of rome but couldnt get the long arches

Front 34

Gateway ar Lorsche (germany)

Back 34

attempt to replicate roman arches
interest in pattern and color

Front 35

Hospice at Beune

Back 35

hospitals became associated with churches and monasteries
half timbering: method of building using wooden crossbracing and filling the spaces with plaster to create the actual wall

Front 36

carcassonne

Back 36

castle town in southern france
typical medieval city
castle within city
wall and mote around
donjon is place of last resort

Front 37

feudalism

Back 37

reciprocal arrangement between emperor and people

Front 38

Church of St. Foy (southern france)

Back 38

romanesque cathedral
Basilica plan
inability to span large spaces with arches
chebet
latin cross plan
stone barrel vault requires further buttressing
rude loft is second story (support)
dome ribs

Front 39

Chebet

Back 39

hallway for pilgrims to walk

Front 40

latin cross plan

Back 40

nave, transcept, and apse at eastern end create cross shape. towers on top

Front 41

san filibert (tournus)

Back 41

simple architecture
cross vault
cenobicit

Front 42

cenobicit

Back 42

extremely isolated, completely self sustaining monasteries

Front 43

caigou

Back 43

cenobicit
pyrenee mountains
simple predictable architecture
cluney order

Front 44

cluney order

Back 44

cluney monasteries very powerful at time and located in briatin and France

Front 45

monestary of Fonteny (france)

Back 45

typical monastery form of walking from refrectory to church with domitories on side
cloister

Front 46

cloister

Back 46

courtyard center

Front 47

Mont Saint Michel

Back 47

man made mountain
off coast of brittany in France
church at top
extremely wide columns at bottom to support mountain volume