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181 Cards in this Set

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[28.a] – Foreign Policy (1954-1960). The Korean War hardened the ____ ___ mentality. Nuclear missiles proliferated; the US signed regional defense agreements; and the US intervened in numerous places, oftimes against legitimate _____________ movements.
[28.a] – Foreign Policy (1954-1960). The Korean War hardened the (COLD WAR) mentality. Nuclear missiles proliferated; the US signed regional defense agreements; and the US intervened in numerous places, oftimes against legitimate (REVOLUTIONARY) movements.
1. [28.a.1] Identify the three parts of the World System. The US maintained ________ by using military might to integrate the system and to enforce stability. [L]
[28.a.1] Identify the three parts of the World System. The US maintained (HEGEMONY) by using military might to integrate the system and to enforce stability. [L]
2. [28.a.2] The 1950’s defense policy called ___ ____ reduced military spending but promised “massive ___________” against the Soviet Union with _______ _______ should the Kremlin become adventurous abroad. [871]
[28.a.2] The 1950’s defense policy called (NEW LOOK) reduced military spending but promised “massive (RETALIATION)” against the Soviet Union with (NUCLEAR WEAPONS) should the Kremlin become adventurous abroad. [871]
3. [28.a.3] The ____ _____ proposal of 1955 would have allowed flights over the US and USSR to verify disarmament efforts. [871]
[28.a.3] The (OPEN SKIES) proposal of 1955 would have allowed flights over the US and USSR to verify disarmament efforts. [871]
4. [28.a.4] Name three countries in which the CIA conducted covert operations to install “their man.” Think South Asia: ____, the Southwest Pacific: _________, and Central America: ________. [873, 874]
[28.a.4] Name three countries in which the CIA conducted covert operations to install “their man.” Think South Asia: (IRAN), the Southwest Pacific: (INDONESIA), and Central America: (GUATEMALA). [873, 874]
1. [28.b.1] To protect nationalization of oil fields a 1957 policy known as the __________ Doctrine pledged US military and financial supports to any Middle East regime resisting “Nasserism.” [874]
[28.b.1] To protect nationalization of oil fields a 1957 policy known as the (EISENHOWER) Doctrine pledged US military and financial supports to any Middle East regime resisting “Nasserism.” [874]
2. [28.b.2] Vietnam was temporarily divided at the __th Parallel in 1954 with the promise that elections would be held in 1956 to re-unify the country. The ______ ______ reneged on the ______ Accords when CIA estimated __ ___ ____, the communist leader of the North, would get __% of the vote. [874-876]
[28.b.2] Vietnam was temporarily divided at the (17TH) Parallel in 1954 with the promise that elections would be held in 1956 to re-unify the country. The (UNITED STATES) reneged on the (GENEVA) Accords when CIA estimated (HO CHI MINH), the communist leader of the North, would get (90)% of the vote. [874-876]
[28.c] Affluence – A “People of Plenty.” The United States experienced tremendous national __________ during the 1950’s.
[28.c] Affluence – A “People of Plenty.” The United States experienced tremendous national (PROSPERITY) during the 1950’s.
1. [28.c.1] By 1955, __% of the nation’s GNP was pumped up by military expenditures. [878]
[28.c.1] By 1955, (10)% of the nation’s GNP was pumped up by military expenditures. [878]
2. [28.c.2] The Cold War mentality was so pervasive that the _______ Act (1956) was passed to expedite military travel rather than to make road trips easier. [879]
[28.c.2] The Cold War mentality was so pervasive that the (HIGHWAY) Act (1956) was passed to expedite military travel rather than to make road trips easier. [879]
3. [28.c.3] How did the US auto industry compare to Japan in 1956? [879]
[28.c.3] How did the US auto industry compare to Japan in 1956? [879]

Japanese don’t aggressively enter US markets until early 1970’s.
4. [28.c.4] The 1958 book by J. K. _________ entitled ________ _______ argued that “affluence” was a measure not of what you owned (wealth) but rather what a person consumed through the extension of ______. [879]
[28.c.4] The 1958 book by J. K. (GALBRAITH) entitled (AFFLUENT SOCIETY) argued that “affluence” was a measure not of what you owned (wealth) but rather what a person consumed through the extension of (CREDIT). [879]
5. [28.c.5] C. Wright Mills didn’t believe society was as democratically and pluralistically resilient as Galbraith did. Mills gave the name _____ _____ to the corporate-government-legal professionals who he thought ran the country. [880-881]
[28.c.5] C. Wright Mills didn’t believe society was as democratically and pluralistically resilient as Galbraith did. Mills gave the name (POWER ELITE) to the corporate-government-legal professionals who he thought ran the country. [880-881]
[28.d] The Discontents of Affluence. The “________ _______, “spawned a “____ _______” debate, which was the fear that everyone was responding to the same thing in the same way, such as desire for clothes, rock ‘n roll, and sex.
[28.d] The Discontents of Affluence. The “(AFFLUENT SOCIETY), “spawned a “(MASS CULTURE)” debate, which was the fear that everyone was responding to the same thing in the same way, such as desire for clothes, rock ‘n roll, and sex.
1. [28.d.1] What 1956 book claimed the middle-class America was sacrificing individual values to corporate values? [881]
[28.d.1] What 1956 book claimed the middle-class America was sacrificing individual values to corporate values? [881]

W.H. Whyte’s – Organization Man (1956)
2. [28.d.2] Conservatives and social critics worried that the record and comic industry corrupted _____. [882]
[28.d.2] Conservatives and social critics worried that the record and comic industry corrupted (YOUTH). [882]
3. [28.d.3] What did critics like Dwight MacDonald say about the effects of “mass culture” on traditional art, literature, and music? [883]
[28.d.3] What did critics like Dwight MacDonald say about the effects of “mass culture” on traditional art, literature, and music? [883]

Mass pop culture driving true art from society, complexities of life obscured by “sameness.”
4. [28.d.4] What message did the media send to teen-age girls and women regarding sex, gender roles, and the workplace? [L]
[28.d.4] What message did the media send to teen-age girls and women regarding sex, gender roles, and the workplace? [L]

a. Sputnik (1957) – Government mandates (Pell Grants) more education.
b. Media promotes sexualized and traditionally dependent roll. (BOTH A & B CONTRIBUTE TO C)
c. 1960 – Birth control marketed – Liberation
[28.f] The Fight Against Discrimination (1954-1960). Civil Rights for African-Americans became a hot issue when ____ _____ refused to give up her bus seat and the Supreme Court repealed Plessy v. Ferguson (1869). The struggle for racial equality showed the need for Federal involvement, and demonstrates that liberty in the US has come only by ________.
[28.f] The Fight Against Discrimination (1954-1960). Civil Rights for African-Americans became a hot issue when (ROSA PARKS) refused to give up her bus seat and the Supreme Court repealed Plessy v. Ferguson (1869). The struggle for racial equality showed the need for Federal involvement, and demonstrates that liberty in the US has come only by (STRUGGLE).
1. [28.f.1] In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in _____ v. _____ __ _________ (Topeka, Kansas) that separate was not equal. [886]
[28.f.1] In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in (BROWN) v. (BOARD OF EDUCATION) (Topeka, Kansas) that separate was not equal. [886]
2. [28.f.2] Why did urban democrats increasingly support Black Civil Rights? [886-887]
[28.f.2] Why did urban democrats increasingly support Black Civil Rights? [886-887]

Votes
3. [28.f.3] ______ ______ ____, the famed Black Civil Rights leader, successfully led the Montgomery bus boycott, 1955-1956, and became president of the SCLC. [888]
[28.f.3] (MARTIN LUTHER KING), the famed Black Civil Rights leader, successfully led the Montgomery bus boycott, 1955-1956, and became president of the SCLC. [888]
4. [28.f.4] What was the Civil Rights strategy of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)? [L]
[28.f.4] What was the Civil Rights strategy of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)? [L]

1956 – Victory Bus Boycott
1963 – Birmingham Church bombing killing 4 Black girls.
1964 – CRA (Civil Rights Act)
1965 – VRA (Voting Rights Act)
1968 – FHA (Fair Housing Act)

Facts/Influences:
African Americans 13% of population.
Gandhi (inspired by) – majority (non-violent).
Christianity – “agape” love.
David Henry Thoreau (1848) – passive disobedience.
George Hegel (ct. 1831) – hegellian dialectic.
Balged Rivith???
The Thesis – Segregation
The Antithesis – black expectations, slavery
Realization of Declaration of Independence – “equality”
5. [28.f.5] What policy did the Federal government pursue relative the Indians? Was it more akin the 1887 Dawes Act or the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act? Was it successful? [889]
[28.f.5] What policy did the Federal government pursue relative the Indians? Was it more akin the 1887 Dawes Act or the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act? Was it successful? [889]

Dwight D. Eisenhower attempted to implement 2 programs, termination and relocation, which were most similar to the 1887 Dawes Act, where tribes control lands.

Termination – terminate the status of Indians as “wards of the US” and to grant them all the “rights and privileges pertaining to American citizenship."

Relocation – began in 1951, Indians were encouraged to leave rural reservations and seek jobs in urban areas.

Both programs assumed that American Indians could easily become assimilated into urban life. These programs failed.
6. [28.f.6] Who benefited from urban renewal projects, developers or poor people? Cite one example. [891]
[28.f.6] Who benefited from urban renewal projects, developers or poor people? Cite one example. [891]

Developers – the urban renewal projects often amounted to urban removal, although the law called for “a feasible method for the temporary relocation” of those displaced, developers could generally ignore their housing needs. Robert Moses during the 1950s, who directed construction projects for NYC, effectively concealed the number of people dislocated by his urban renewal and highway building programs.
[28.g] Debating the Role in the Government. Eisenhower hinted to Republican supporters that he would ____ ____ spending on New Deal and Fair Deal legislation. He never did, however, and even modestly ________ them.
[28.g] Debating the Role in the Government. Eisenhower hinted to Republican supporters that he would (ROLL BACK) spending on New Deal and Fair Deal legislation. He never did, however, and even modestly (EXPANDED) them.
1. [28.g.1] Conservative Senator _____ _________ (R-AZ) attacked Eisenhower for not taking a tough enough stand against the USSR (which entailed more defense spending) and for aping the New Deal mentality of the Democrats (which called for continued spending on human needs).
[28.g.1] Conservative Senator (BARRY GOLDWATER) (R-AZ) attacked Eisenhower for not taking a tough enough stand against the USSR (which entailed more defense spending) and for aping the New Deal mentality of the Democrats (which called for continued spending on human needs).
2. [28.g.2] What national magazine was, and still is, the voice of American conservatism? [892]
[28.g.2] What national magazine was, and still is, the voice of American conservatism? [892]

National Review
3. [28.g.3] In 1957, the _______ Committee Report said that the Soviets were catching up to US military power and urged a 25% increase in defense spending. Was this report accurate? [892]
[28.g.3] In 1957, the (GAITHER) Committee Report said that the Soviets were catching up to US military power and urged a 25% increase in defense spending. Was this report accurate? [892]
4. [28.g.4] The Soviet launching of _______ triggered concerns for education, resulting in the 1958 National Defense _________ Act. [892]
[28.g.4] The Soviet launching of (SPUTNIK) triggered concerns for education, resulting in the 1958 National Defense (EDUCATION) Act. [892]
5. [28.g.5] Michael __________’s 1962 book The Other America and articles in Commentary exposed the plight of the poor Americans. [893]
[28.g.5] Michael (HARRINGTON)’s 1962 book The Other America and articles in Commentary exposed the plight of the poor Americans. [893]
6. [28.g.6] When Eisenhower left office in the year ____, he warned that the ________ __________ complex threatened to disrupt democratic government. [I]
[28.g.6] When Eisenhower left office in the year (1960), he warned that the (MILITARY INDUSTRIAL) complex threatened to disrupt democratic government. [I]
[28.h] The Kennedy Years: Foreign Policy. In 1960 JFK beat _______ _____ for the presidency. The “Age of Camelot” had begun; the JFK mystic entranced the nation. In foreign policy JFK carried on the habits of US intervention. On the home front Kennedy faced demands for _____ ______ and efforts to wipe out poverty.
[28.h] The Kennedy Years: Foreign Policy. In 1960 JFK beat (RICHARD NIXON) for the presidency. The “Age of Camelot” had begun; the JFK mystic entranced the nation. In foreign policy JFK carried on the habits of US intervention. On the home front Kennedy faced demands for (CIVIL RIGHTS) and efforts to wipe out poverty.
1. [28.h.1] Name 4 goals of JFK’s “New Frontier.” [894]

a.
b.
c.
d.
[28.h.1] Name 4 goals of JFK’s “New Frontier.” [894]

a. Economy – Committed to government development programs. Willing to deficit spend. Will offer corporate tax cuts to stimulate the economy.
b. Social Initiatives – Vague proposals included rebuilding rural and urban area; educational funding.
c. Foreign Policy – Exploits missile gap. More vigorous conduct of Cold War. New Defense policy: Flexible Response.
d. Civil Rights – Pledges campaign to anti-discrimination policy.
2. [28.h.2] Who was JFK’s running mate whose Texas credentials helped him win 7 southern states? [894]
[28.h.2] Who was JFK’s running mate whose Texas credentials helped him win 7 southern states? [894]

Lyndon B. Johnson
3. [28.h.3] What was the intent of JFK’s “Alliance for Progress?” [895]
[28.h.3] What was the intent of JFK’s “Alliance for Progress?” [895]

Money to Latin America if democratic reform undertaken, minimally successful.
4. [28.h.4] How did Walt W. Rostow, A Kennedy advisor, justify US support of ugly militaristic regimes in his book Stages of Economic Growth? 1960? [L]
[28.h.4] How did Walt W. Rostow, A Kennedy advisor, justify US support of ugly militaristic regimes in his book Stages of Economic Growth? 1960? [L]

Russia, China (Communists) 3rd World, decolonized – U.S. Intervenes with Military, economic, education, political help, a lot of uncertainty – Until they are free-standing and self-sufficient “Take-Off” point.
5. [28.h.5] What happened 17 April 1961 that humiliated the US and emboldened Castro and Nikita Krhuschev to seek wider communist influence in the western hemisphere? [895]
[28.h.5] What happened 17 April 1961 that humiliated the US and emboldened Castro and Nikita Krhuschev to seek wider communist influence in the western hemisphere? [895]

The worst fiasco of JFK’s presidency was an ill-conceived CIA mission against Cuba. The CIA had been planning a secret, invasion to oust Fidel Castro. On 17 April 1961, when U.S.-backed and trained forces (mostly Cuban exiles) landed at the Bahia de Cochinas (the Bay of Pigs), the expected uprising didn’t occur and Castro’s forces quickly surrounded and imprisoned the invaders. Kennedy refused to provide the air support the exiles had expected and, initially, tried to deny any U.S. involvement in the invasion. The CIA’s role became public and Latin America mounted an anti-Yankee sentiment.
6. [28.h.6] On 13 August 1961, the ______ Wall began to go up, etching ever more clearly the East-West division of the Cold War. [895]
[28.h.6] On 13 August 1961, the (BERLIN) Wall began to go up, etching ever more clearly the East-West division of the Cold War. [895]
7. [28.h.7] Why did the USSR attempt to place nuclear missiles in Cuba in October 1962? What was the outcome of this scary event? [895-896]

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
[28.h.7] Why did the USSR attempt to place nuclear missiles in Cuba in October 1962? What was the outcome of this scary event? [895-896]

SS-12 (36) rockets and warheads (280KT?) – could reach Dallas.
SS-14 (24) on way and warheads (?KT) – could reach Seattle.

Results of Bay of Pigs:
a. 1963 (NTBT) – no more testing of nukes on ocean.
b. U.S. not to invade Cuba.
c. USSR withdraw all missiles.
d. Telephone established from White House to Kremlin.
e. U.S. quietly 6 months later withdraw Jupiter missiles from Turkey.
f. Kruschev did it because he wants to redress the nuclear imbalance between U.S.-USSR.
g. 1972 – Soviets = U.S. military strength.
h. There were contingency plans to assassinate Castro.
8. [28.h.8] The Kennedy administration’s reliance on special units like the “Green Berets” at the lowest level of warfare combined with conventional forces in the middle and nuclear war at the top became a policy known as ________ Response. [896]
[28.h.8] The Kennedy administration’s reliance on special units like the “Green Berets” at the lowest level of warfare combined with conventional forces in the middle and nuclear war at the top became a policy known as (FLEXIBLE) Response. [896]
[28.i] The Kennedy Years: Domestic Policy. Taxes, the Civil Rights movement, and emerging feminism marked Kennedy’s “___ ________” days in office.
[28.i] The Kennedy Years: Domestic Policy. Taxes, the Civil Rights movement, and emerging feminism marked Kennedy’s “(ONE THOUSAND)” days in office.
1. [28.i.1] What was JFK’s position on taxation? [897]
[28.i.1] What was JFK’s position on taxation? [897]

Lower (tax cuts).
2. [28.i.2] FBI chief _. _____ ______ tried to smear Martin Luther King and halt the advance of the Civil Rights Movement. [897]
[28.i.2] FBI chief (J. EDGAR HOOVER) tried to smear Martin Luther King and halt the advance of the Civil Rights Movement. [897]
3. [28.i.3] In __________, Alabama, America got a close-up view of the pain of southern apartheid during the summer of 1963. [898]
[28.i.3] In (BIRMINGHAM), Alabama, America got a close-up view of the pain of southern apartheid during the summer of 1963. [898]
4. [28.i.4] Where did MLK utter these famous words: “I have a dream one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed – we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal?” [889]
[28.i.4] Where did MLK utter these famous words: “I have a dream one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed – we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal?” [889]

Washington D.C.
5. [28.i.5] Why was Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystic (1963) such a tour de force book? [899]
[28.i.5] Why was Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystic (1963) such a tour de force book? [899]

Thesis: Society, not biology, determines women’s roles, therefore the role of women can change as society changes. Book launches modern women’s rights movement.
1. [28.j.1] What two issues continued to vex the Kennedy administration at the time of his assassination in 1963? [901]
a.
b.
[28.j.1] What two issues continued to vex the Kennedy administration at the time of his assassination in 1963? [901]
a. Civil Rights
b. Vietnam
[29.a] The Great Society. Johnson pledged to the nation that he would push forward with JFK’s ________ program and _____ ______ legislation. The “Great Society” resulted.
[29.a] The Great Society. Johnson pledged to the nation that he would push forward with JFK’s (DOMESTIC) program and (CIVIL RIGHTS) legislation. The “Great Society” resulted.
1. [29.a.1] Signed into law in 1964, the _____ ______ Act established the EEOC and made it illegal to discriminate and segregate based on race. [907]
[29.a.1] Signed into law in 1964, the (CIVIL RIGHTS) Act established the EEOC and made it illegal to discriminate and segregate based on race. [907]
2. [29.a.2] ___ _____ was the Great Society version of the New Deal’s CCC. [906-907]
[29.a.2] (JOB CORPS) was the Great Society version of the New Deal’s CCC. [906-907]
3. [29.a.3] The ______ __ ________ ___________ (OEO) orchestrated the anti-poverty programs of the Great Society. [906]
[29.a.3] The (OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY) (OEO) orchestrated the anti-poverty programs of the Great Society. [906]
4. [29.a.4] Senator Barry ______ ran against LBJ in 1964. Why did LBJ win? [908]
[29.a.4] Senator Barry (GOLDWATER) ran against LBJ in 1964. Why did LBJ win? [908]

LBJ won because Goldwater could never clearly articulate his conservative principles and political vision. Goldwater instead had a bad habit of blurting out ill-considered pronouncements on controversial issues which helped the Democrats picture him as fanatical, unpredictable, and reactionary; even many Republicans came to doubt his candidacy.
5. [29.a.5] How did 1964 mark the beginning of the Republican-Conservative ascendancy of 1980? [909]

a.
b.
c.
[29.a.5] How did 1964 mark the beginning of the Republican-Conservative ascendancy of 1980? [909]

Eisenhower beat Goldwater, which invigorated Goldwater's supporters, which led to:

a. Innovative campaign tactics, the campaign propelled an attractive group of conservatives into national politics.
b. Ronald Reagan proved such an effective campaigner; in 1964 Republicans began grooming him for a political career.
c. William Rehnquist also entered the national arena at this time.

(Reagan ended up becoming president, and Rehnquist was his Chief Justice).
6. [29.a.6] The ______ ______ Act of 1965 stated that if Southern county officials refused to register Black voters, the Federal government would come down and do it for them. [909]
[29.a.6] The (VOTING RIGHTS) Act of 1965 stated that if Southern county officials refused to register Black voters, the Federal government would come down and do it for them. [909]
7. [29.a.7] The Great Society established two healthcare programs, one for the poor, ________ and one for the elderly ________. [909]
[29.a.7] The Great Society established two healthcare programs, one for the poor, (MEDICARE) and one for the elderly (MEDICAID). [909]
8. [29.a.8] What 2 programs empowered neighborhood councils and the government in planning urban renewal? [909]
[29.a.8] What 2 programs empowered neighborhood councils and the government in planning urban renewal? [909]

a. Community Action Program (CAP)
b. Model Cities
9. [29.a.9] Tax cuts had stimulated economic growth. But how would congress fund the “Great Society”? [910]
[29.a.9] Tax cuts had stimulated economic growth. But how would congress fund the “Great Society”? [910]

Deficit Spending (Keynesian Economics)
10. [29.a.10] How does the word bureaucratic describe the shortcomings of the Great Society? [910]
[29.a.10] How does the word bureaucratic describe the shortcomings of the Great Society? [910]

Federal Government – not responsive to realities/needs/priorities of the people (control makes them blind).
[29.b] Escalation in Vietnam. At the time of JFK’s death (1963), there were 16,000 US military advisors in South Vietnam. By ____, the US had ___,___ troops committed to Southeast Asia. How the US got involved in this “quagmire” provokes intense debate.
[29.b] Escalation in Vietnam. At the time of JFK’s death (1963), there were 16,000 US military advisors in South Vietnam. By (1968), the US had (545,000) troops committed to Southeast Asia. How the US got involved in this “quagmire” provokes intense debate.
1. [29.b.1] Know the position and policies of these men and women who played significant roles during the Vietnam War. [I]

G – He promoted the “Great Society” and the Vietnam War.
[29.b.1.a] Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ)
H – Before “Vietnamization” was complete he invaded Cambodia, bombed Hanoi, and grew increasingly paranoid of the antiwar movement.
[29.b.1.b] Richard Nixon
K – Peace candidate who ran against Hubert Humphrey in 1968 – and lost.
[29.b.1.c] Eugene McCarthy
S – MACV commander, 1965-1968. Believed “Search & Destroy” operations were winning the war until TET broke the illusion.
[29.b.1.d] General William Westmoreland
A – Secretary of Defense who used Ford Motor Company techniques of system analysis to measure progress in Vietnam. Resigned in 1967.
[29.b.1.e] Robert McNamara
R – LBJ’s Secretary of State who was a warhawk until the day he died, 1994.
[29.b.1.f] Dean Rusk
E – National Security Advisor and later Secretary of State under Nixon. He sought détente with the Russians to help the U.S. withdraw from Vietnam.
[29.b.1.g] Henry Kissinger
T – Anti-communist, Catholic nationalist who U.S. propped up as leader of Vietnam until his own army generals assassinated him in 1963.
[29.b.1.h] Ngo Diem
I – Peace activist who was at Chicago, 1968. Still as idealistic as ever.
[29.b.1.i] David Dellinger
L – Counter-culture enthusiast who founded YIPPIEs, a group attempting to blend counterculture with the antiwar movement. At Chicago Democratic Convention in 1968.
[29.b.1.j] Abbie Hoffman
F – Nixon’s Secretary of Defense. Implemented “Vietnamization” and the draft lottery.
[29.b.1.k] Melvin Laird
B – Senator who headed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Later became an outspoken critic against the war.
[29.b.1.l] William J. Fulbright
M – Leader of North Vietnam who died in 1969.
[29.b.1.m] Ho Chi Minh
C – Considered the “architect of victory” in North Vietnam. His Tet Offensive (1968) was a military defeat but marked the beginning of end for the American presence in Vietnam.
[29.b.1.n] Vo Giap
D – Former Defense Department Official who leaked the “Pentagon Papers” to the New York Times in 1971. Nixon’s “plumbers” ransacked his psychiatrist’s office, thus triggering the chain of events that led to Watergate (1973).
[29.b.1.o] Daniel Ellsberg
N – Group of former government officials who advised LBJ to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam, 1968.
[29.b.1.p] The “Wise Men”
O – Secretary of State under Eisenhower who helped draft Geneva Accords then gladly broke them.
[29.b.1.q] John Foster Dulles
Q – President of South Vietnam from 1967 on. Opposed the Paris Accords (1972).
[29.b.1.r] Ngyuen Thieu
J – Helped draft the Port Huron Statement, which launched SDS (Students for a Democratic Society). Put on trial for 1968 demonstration in Chicago.
[29.b.1.s] Tom Hayden
P – Woman activist who headed Women’s Strike for Peace (WSP).
[29.b.1.t] Cora Weiss
2. [29.b.2] After North Vietnam was accused of firing on US destroyers in the South China Sea, the ______ ____ Resolution passed by Congress in late 1964 gave the president authority to escalate the war in Vietnam and a “blank check” to fund it. [910-911]
[29.b.2] After North Vietnam was accused of firing on US destroyers in the South China Sea, the (TONKIN GULF) Resolution passed by Congress in late 1964 gave the president authority to escalate the war in Vietnam and a “blank check” to fund it. [910-911]
3. [29.b.3] Where else did the Johnson administration commit US troops in response to alleged communist activity? [911]
[29.b.3] Where else did the Johnson administration commit US troops in response to alleged communist activity? [911]

Dominican Republic – LBJ ousted a left-leaning (pro-communist) president (which violated the “good neighbor” policy) and installing a government favorable to U.S. interests in the Caribbean nation.
4. [29.b.4] Why did the Johnson administration hide the true depth of the widening US involvement in Vietnam? [913]
[29.b.4] Why did the Johnson administration hide the true depth of the widening US involvement in Vietnam? [913]

Doesn’t want America to think we are going to war, wants support for the Great Society (wants funding), protect it.
5. [29.b.5] One thesis explaining US intervention in Vietnam is that allies like ______ and ______ needed markets outside the dollar block. Therefore the US was committed to anti-______ efforts in Indochina dating to French re-colonization in 1946. [L]
[29.b.5] One thesis explaining US intervention in Vietnam is that allies like (FRANCE [Paris]) and (JAPAN [Tokyo]) needed markets outside the dollar block. Therefore the US was committed to anti-(COMMUNIST) efforts in Indochina dating to French re-colonization in 1946. [L]
6. [29.b.6] How did the Army and Air Force wage war in Vietnam? [L]

Army Concept -
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Air Force Concept -
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
[29.b.6] How did the Army and Air Force wage war in Vietnam? [L]

Army Concept – an inheritance from earlier wars that relied on strategy of attrition.
a. Massive applications of technology.
b. Mid-high intensity conflicts.
c. Maneuver batallions and search and destroy missions.
d. Conventional orders of battle calculations.
e. Quantative analysis led war of attrition and “body count” mentality.

Air Force Concept - technological fix, no good.
a. Napalm (sticks to kids).
b. Search and destroy missions.
c. Free fire zones.
d. Agent Orange.
e. No winning of the hearts and minds of the people.
7. [29.b.7] Historian Robert Buzzanco blames the Joint _____-__-_____ for defeat in Vietnam because they failed to plan for a _______ war (counter insurgency). Instead, the Pentagon concerned itself with avoiding blame for defeat even though it was known that the strategy of _________ employed was not producing favorable results. [L]
[29.b.7] Historian Robert Buzzanco blames the Joint (CHIEFS-OF-STAFF) for defeat in Vietnam because they failed to plan for a (LIMITED) war (counter insurgency). Instead, the Pentagon concerned itself with avoiding blame for defeat even though it was known that the strategy of (ATTRICIAN) employed was not producing favorable results. [L]
[29.c] The War at Home. Idealism, radicalism, racism, and despair blended to make the 1960’s an _________ decade.
[29.c] The War at Home. Idealism, radicalism, racism, and despair blended to make the 1960’s an (EXPLOSIVE) decade.
1. [29.c.1] In the year ____, before the Vietnam War, Tom Hayden wrote the ____ _____ Statement, which launched a national campus organization called ________ ___ __________ _______ (SDS). [914]
[29.c.1] In the year (1962), before the Vietnam War, Tom Hayden wrote the (PORT HURON) Statement, which launched a national campus organization called (STUDENTS FOR DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY) (SDS). [914]
2. [29.c.2] What was the philosophical underpinning of the New Left? [914-915, L]

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
[29.c.2] What was the philosophical underpinning of the New Left? [914-915, L]

a. Reject nuclear arms, racism, and corporate dominance of society.
b. Rejected Marxist class analysis.
c. Believed in direct “Action Democracy.”
d. Critical of liberals and conservatives (republicans and democrats alike).
e. Containment is the #1 goal of the U.S.
3. [29.c.3] Students attacked the ____________ because of their research link to the government weapons development and other cold war initiatives. [915]
[29.c.3] Students attacked the (UNIVERSITIES) because of their research link to the government weapons development and other cold war initiatives. [915]
4. [29.c.4] The ____ ______ Movement began in 196_ at California State University at ________. [915]
[29.c.4] The (FREE SPEECH) Movement began in 196(4) at California State University at (BERKELEY). [915]
5. [29.c.5] How did the chancellor of California state colleges explain the student unrest rippling across the nation’s campuses? [I]
[29.c.5] How did the chancellor of California state colleges explain the student unrest rippling across the nation’s campuses? [I]

A Chancellors Response – “The students have demanded great relevance in their curriculum, and a greater piece of the action in determining the uses of their university… We will have total peace on the campus when we have total peace on the streets of our cities, and we haven’t quite achieved that yet.” – Glen Dunke, Chancellor of California State Colleges 1969
6. [29.c.6] What was the goal of the “Counterculture” movement? [916-917]

a.
b.
c.
d.
[29.c.6] What was the goal of the “Counterculture” movement? [916-917]

a. Rejected corporate greed and dehumanizing bureaucracies.
b. Communitarian values embraced.
c. Rejected traditional learning and embraced experimentation, which included sexual liberation, drugs and acid rock.
d. Visionary yet over-indulgent.
7. [29.c.7] Did antiwar activism penetrate the US armed forces? [L]
[29.c.7] Did antiwar activism penetrate the US armed forces? [L]

From the Marine Corps – “The morale, discipline and battle-worthiness of the U.S. armed forces are, with a few salient exceptions, lower and worse than at any time in this century and possibly in the history of the U.S.” – Colonel Robert Heiml, USMC Armed Forces Journal 1971

From the Marine Corps Again – “I don’t think the whole of Southeast Asia, as related to the present and future safety and freedom of the people of this country, is worth the life or limb of a single American.” – General David Shoup, 1966 Commandant of the Marine Corps

Aspects of the Soldiers Movement:
a. The G.I. and Vet movements were born of the Vietnam War.
b. Mutinous conditions were found in the army, navy, air force and marines.
c. The army had to get out of Vietnam to save itself as an institution and come out fighting another day.

Signs of Soldiers Revolt:
a. Participation in demonstrations.
b. Combat refusals.
c. Sever race problems.
d. Drugs.
e. “Fraggings” – killing of officer or sergent.
f. Sabotage.
g. Underground newspapers.
h. Stockade rebellions.
i. Desertion.
j. Political opposition to the war and forming of groups.
k. Coffee houses like “Oleo Strut.”

Aspects of the Soldiers Movement:
a. The G.I. and Vet movements were born of the Vietnam War.
b. (MORE IN PP – FINISH ANSWERING!!!).

Signs of Soldiers Revolt:
a. Participation in demonstrations.
b. Combat refusals.
c. Sever race problems.
d. Drugs.
e. “Fraggings” – killing of officer or sergent.
f. Sabotage.
g. Underground newspapers.
h. Stockade rebellions.
i. Desertion.
j. Political opposition (MORE IN PP).
k. Coffee houses like “Oleo Strut” (MORE IN PP).
8. [29.c.8] The Black ______ Party broke with MLK’s “togetherness” strategy and formed a separatist option based on “Black Power.” [919, V]
[29.c.8] The Black (PANTHER) Party broke with MLK’s “togetherness” strategy and formed a separatist option based on “Black Power.” [919, V]
9. [29.c.9] Name 4 events in 1968 that showed how deeply distressed America had become over civil rights, the Vietnam War, and the promise of liberalism. The year proved to be a turning point for continued US commitment in Vietnam. [919-922, V]

a.
b.
c.
d.
[29.c.9] Name 4 events in 1968 that showed how deeply distressed America had become over civil rights, the Vietnam War, and the promise of liberalism. The year proved to be a turning point for continued US commitment in Vietnam. [919-922, V]

a. January – TET Offensive(initiative of North Vietnam to have the civilian population of South Vietnam join them in their offensive and efforts to overthrow the South Vietnam Government, forcing the withdrawal of the U.S. and Armed Forces).
b. April – Assassination of Martin Luther King.
c. June – Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.
d. July – Chicago Democratic Convention violence.
[29.d] The Nixon Years (1969-1974). Nixon promised that he had a plan to end the Vietnam war “____ _____.” As in the case of _______, however, Vietnam would unravel the Nixon administration.
[29.d] The Nixon Years (1969-1974). Nixon promised that he had a plan to end the Vietnam war “(WITH HONOR).” As in the case of (JOHNSON), however, Vietnam would unravel the Nixon administration.
1. [29.d.1] Which was costing more, Great Society programs or the Vietnam War? [924, L]
[29.d.1] Which was costing more, Great Society programs or the Vietnam War? [924, L]

War – OEO yearly cost $2 billion in 1968; Vietnam War $26 billion, and over $28 billion in 1969.
2. [29.d.2] “______” during the 1970’s, previously thought impossible, is a condition of high ______ coupled with ______. [924]
[29.d.2] “(STAGFLATION???)” during the 1970’s, previously thought impossible, is a condition of high (INFLATION???) coupled with (UNEMPLOYMENT???). [924]
3. [29.d.3] What did Nixon do in August 1971 to check inflation? Was this step natural to Nixon? [925]
[29.d.3] What did Nixon do in August 1971 to check inflation? Was this step natural to Nixon? [925]

a. 1971 – U.S. adds 10% surcharge on tariffs and suspends gold payments.
b. Nixon instituted wage and price controls, in 1971 Nixon broke with old Republican fiscal conservatives, announcing that “We are all Keynesians now.”
4. [29.d.4] The ____ Crisis of 1968 damaged the US economy when foreign nations began to place orders for American ____ instead of American goods. [925-926, L]
[29.d.4] The (GOLD) Crisis of 1968 damaged the US economy when foreign nations began to place orders for American (GOLD) instead of American goods. [925-926, L]
5. [29.d.5] How did Nixon’s FAP (Family Assistance Program) differ from the ADFC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children)? What was the fate of FAP? [925-926]
[29.d.5] How did Nixon’s FAP (Family Assistance Program) differ from the ADFC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children)? What was the fate of FAP? [925-926]

Families and Dependents – FAP (Family Assistance Program):
a. Families with less than $1600 income – government welfare to bring above the poverty line (Congress doesn’t pass).
b. Much more comprehensive assault on poverty.
6. [29.d.6] Due to books like Silent Spring and The Greening of America, and the crusade to ban DDT, the first _____ Day was held in 197_. [926]
[29.d.6] Due to books like Silent Spring and The Greening of America, and the crusade to ban DDT, the first (EARTH) Day was held in 197(0). [926]
7. [29.d.7] The Nixon administration established the _____________ __________ ______ to look into environmental issues. [927]
[29.d.7] The Nixon administration established the (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA]) to look into environmental issues. [927]
8. [29.d.8] Why did Chief Justice Earl Warren’s court earn the reputation of leading a “Rights Revolution?” [927]

a.
b.
c.
d.
[29.d.8] Why did Chief Justice Earl Warren’s court earn the reputation of leading a “Rights Revolution?” [927]

“Rights Revolution” for those accused of crimes:
a. Miranda Warning.
b. Right to Legal Counsel.
c. Desegregation – Court Ordered.
d. Rowe v. Wade (1973) (legalized abortion).
9. [29.d.9] What did the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) amendment need to gain passage? [928]
[29.d.9] What did the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) amendment need to gain passage? [928]

¾ of states need to ratify (38 states).
10. [29.d.10] In 1974 the Supreme Court guaranteed a woman’s right to have an abortion in ____ v. ____. [928]
[29.d.10] In 1974 the Supreme Court guaranteed a woman’s right to have an abortion in (ROWE) v. (WADE). [928]
[29.e] Foreign Policy Under Nixon and Kissinger. In 1973 Nixon elevated Henry Kissinger to _________ __ _____. Kissinger was a “realist.” He believed sentiment had to be ______ (_______) from foreign policy formulations. His objective was to restore harmony between the USSR, China, and the US. No real interest was at stake in Vietnam.
[29.e] Foreign Policy Under Nixon and Kissinger. In 1973 Nixon elevated Henry Kissinger to (SECRETARY OF STATE). Kissinger was a “realist.” He believed sentiment had to be (PURGED [REMOVED]) from foreign policy formulations. His objective was to restore harmony between the USSR, China, and the US. No real interest was at stake in Vietnam.
1. [29.e.1] What 3 foreign relation policies/events reflected Nixon’s and Kissinger’s desire to get out of Vietnam and reduce the strain of Cold War expenditures on the American economy? [928-929]

a.
b.
c.
[29.e.1] What 3 foreign relation policies/events reflected Nixon’s and Kissinger’s desire to get out of Vietnam and reduce the strain of Cold War expenditures on the American economy? [928-929]

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) (1972)
a. Stopped arms race, détente.
b. Nixon visited China (1972) U.S. normalizes relations the next year.
c. Vietnamization of War (Nixon Doctrine).
2. [29.e.2] When Nixon announced in May 1970 that US troops had invaded ________, violence occurred at _______ State and ____ State. [929]
[29.e.2] When Nixon announced in May 1970 that US troops had invaded (CAMBODIA), violence occurred at (JACKSON) State and (KENT) State. [929]
3. [29.e.3] In April 1975, the city of ______ fell to the North Vietnamese Army, ending the 25-year long Indo-China War. [930]
[29.e.3] In April 1975, the city of (SAIGON) fell to the North Vietnamese Army, ending the 25-year long Indo-China War. [930]
[29.f.] The Wars of Watergate. By 1972 Nixon was resorting to _______ _____ to stay in power. The Watergate scandal exposed the final _________ of American self-congratulations.
[29.f] The Wars of Watergate. By 1972 Nixon was resorting to (ILLEGAL MEANS) to stay in power. The Watergate scandal exposed the final (HYPOCRISY) of American self-congratulations.
1. [29.f.1] What charges did the House Judiciary Committee bring against Richard Nixon in July 1974? [933]
[29.f.1] What charges did the House Judiciary Committee bring against Richard Nixon in July 1974? [933]

a. Obstruction of Justice.
b. Violation of Constitutional Liberties.
c. Refusal to Produce Evidence Requested During the Impeachment Process.
2. [29.f.2] How did Vietnam and Watergate influence American society? [L, 934]

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
[29.f.2] How did Vietnam and Watergate influence American society? [L, 934]

a. Distrust of Government.
b. 26th Amendment (18 years old to vote).
c. Radicalization of leaders for women’s movement.
d. Anticommunist hysteria weakened.
e. G.I.’s no longer viewed as separate from society.
f. Vietnam “syndrome.”
g. War Powers Act (1973).
h. Setback for Democratic Party.
i. Cultural Fragmentation of America.
j. 2 myths questioned: (1) myth of power, and (2) myth of innocence.
[30.a] A Changing People. Americans were getting older during the 1970’s due to declining birth rates. We are still grappling with what this means for “__________-_” as it bears the burden of funding Social Security and Medicare payments. Demographically, the nation’s center mass was moving _____ and ____.
[30.a] A Changing People. Americans were getting older during the 1970’s due to declining birth rates. We are still grappling with what this means for “(GENERATION-X)” as it bears the burden of funding Social Security and Medicare payments. Demographically, the nation’s center mass was moving (SOUTH) and (WEST).
1. [30.a.1] The median age of Americans in 1970 was __ compared to __ in 2000? [938]
[30.a.1] The median age of Americans in 1970 was (28) compared to (35) in 2000? [938]
2. [30.a.2] What term was given to the region that drew people because of microchip and defense industry jobs? [938]
[30.a.2] What term was given to the region that drew people because of microchip and defense industry jobs? [938]

The Sunbelt
3. [30.a.3] What 1965 Act resulted in more immigrants from exotic places like Vietnam, the Middle East, and Korea? [941]
[30.a.3] What 1965 Act resulted in more immigrants from exotic places like Vietnam, the Middle East, and Korea? [941]

The Immigration Act
4. [30.a.4] City-living grew in popularity during the 1990’s but could not keep pace with the rate of growth of ______ communities. [943]
[30.a.4] City-living grew in popularity during the 1990’s but could not keep pace with the rate of growth of (SUBURBAN) communities. [943]
[30.b] Economic Transformations. Technology shapes the way we view and tackle ________. New technologies erode older __________, giving birth to new ones.
[30.b] Economic Transformations. Technology shapes the way we view and tackle (PROBLEMS). New technologies erode older (INDUSTRIES), giving birth to new ones.
1. [30.b.1] Computers have allowed more flexible production schedules, eliminating the need for the big old __________. [945]
[30.b.1] Computers have allowed more flexible production schedules, eliminating the need for the big old (WAREHOUSES). [945]
2. [30.b.2] How does consumer debt today compare with other era of US history? [L]
[30.b.2] How does consumer debt today compare with other era of US history? [L]

1996 – Top $1 trillion, higher now than ever in the past.
3. [30.b.3] What has corporate “downsizing” done to union membership? [948]
[30.b.3] What has corporate “downsizing” done to union membership? [948]

In the 1950s, 35% of Americans belonged to a union; by 2003 only 13% belonged to one.
4. [30.b.4] Caesar Chavez fought to empower the UFW, but he couldn’t overcome power of the ______. [949]
[30.b.4] Caesar Chavez fought to empower the UFW, but he couldn’t overcome power of the (GROWERS). [949]
5. [30.b.5] Computer maverick ____ _____ made himself the richest man in the world and created new jobs faster than they could be filled with skilled personnel. [949]
[30.b.5] Computer maverick (BILL GATES) made himself the richest man in the world and created new jobs faster than they could be filled with skilled personnel. [949]
1. [30.e.1] Since the 1980’s Americans have increasingly identified with their _________ & ____________ ______ as opposed to class, nation, or generation. [959]
[30.e.1] Since the 1980’s Americans have increasingly identified with their (ETHNICITY & PROFESSIONAL GROUPS) as opposed to class, nation, or generation. [959]
2. [30.e.2] What slain Civil Rights leader experienced a rebirth of popularity in the 1990’s? [959]
[30.e.2] What slain Civil Rights leader experienced a rebirth of popularity in the 1990’s? [959]

Malcolm-X
3. [30.e.3] ____________ is the name given to the theory that Black Africans had a sophisticated history of their own and therefore deserve more detailed analysis and understanding as a part of the larger American culture. [959]
[30.e.3] (AFROCENTRISM) is the name given to the theory that Black Africans had a sophisticated history of their own and therefore deserve more detailed analysis and understanding as a part of the larger American culture. [959]
4. [30.e.4] Why did feminists and many African-American women oppose Afro-centrism and “gangsta rap?” [959, L]
[30.e.4] Why did feminists and many African-American women oppose Afro-centrism and “gangsta rap?” [959, L]

Misogynistic – hatred/disrespect of women.
5. [30.e.5] Most African-Americans supported ____ in 1991, showing that among Blacks, this commanded more loyalty than did gender. [959-960]
[30.e.5] Most African-Americans supported (RACE) in 1991, showing that among Blacks, this commanded more loyalty than did gender. [959-960]
6. [30.e.6] What symbol in American culture contains two very different meanings? [960]
[30.e.6] What symbol in American culture contains two very different meanings? [960]

The Confederate Flag
7. [30.e.7] The ________ ______ ________ (AIM) drew attention to broken ________. Tactics included a 1969 sit-in at ________, occupation of ______ __ ______ _______ offices in 1970, and in 19__ a violent clash at ____ _____ ___________, South Dakota. [961]
[30.e.7] The (AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT) (AIM) drew attention to broken (TREATIES). Tactics included a 1969 sit-in at (ALCATRAZ), occupation of (BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS) offices in 1970, and in 19(73) a violent clash at (PINE RIDGE RESERVATION), South Dakota. [961]
8. [30.e.8] How have several Indian tribes tried to preserve features of their culture despite presence of gambling casinos on reservations? [962]

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
[30.e.8] How have several Indian tribes tried to preserve features of their culture despite presence of gambling casinos on reservations? [962]

a. By holding powwows.
b. Peyote (vision quests).
c. Language.
d. Salmon fishing.
e. Casinos.
f. Forest (logging).
9. [30.e.9] Give three examples showing how Mexican-American social activists, Democrats, and conservative Republicans have achieved success in the United States: [964]

a.
b.
c.
[30.e.9] Give three examples showing how Mexican-American social activists, Democrats, and conservative Republicans have achieved success in the United States: [964]

a. 1968 – MALDEF (Mexican American Legal Defense Fund)
b. H. Cisneros H.U.D. Clinton Years (D)
c. L. Chavez (R)
10. [30.e.10] What trend might make the Affirmative Action debate obsolete? [967]
[30.e.10] What trend might make the Affirmative Action debate obsolete? [967]

The rise in racial and ethnic intermarriage.
[30.f] The New Right. Not all activism was sexual, environmental, ethnic, or political. During the 1970’s _____ ____ groups built a powerful coalition of conservative political force. Religious conservatism invigorated the movement. Amid this the ___ _____ was born. In 1980, conservatism triumphed when Reagan became president.
[30.f] The New Right. Not all activism was sexual, environmental, ethnic, or political. During the 1970’s (RIGHT WING) groups built a powerful coalition of conservative political force. Religious conservatism invigorated the movement. Amid this the (NEW RIGHT) was born. In 1980, conservatism triumphed when Reagan became president.
1. [30.f.1] On what 2 issues did “neocons” attack liberals as having betrayed the nation? [967]

a.
b.
[30.f.1] On what 2 issues did “neocons” attack liberals as having betrayed the nation? [967]

a. Got soft on communism.
b. Government too big.
2. [30.f.2] What is the difference between a religious fundamentalist and a religious evangelical? [968]

Religious Fundamentalist:
a.
b.
c.

Religious Evangelical:
a.
b.
c.
[30.f.2] What is the difference between a religious fundamentalist and a religious evangelical? [968]

Religious Fundamentalist:
a. Bible is infallible.
b. World is not worth saving, and focus on personal holiness.
c. Wealth can provoke God, and the millennium is imminent and wicked will be destroyed.

Religious Evangelical:
a. Bible can be reconciled with Science.
b. Missionary Work.
c. Wealth can serve God.
3. [30.f.3] Seething over the Roe v. ______ ruling, Jerry Falwell and other religious conservatives launched the _____ ________ movement. The goal was to go beyond politics and interpret God’s will on ______ and ________ issues. [968]
[30.f.3] Seething over the Roe v. (WADE) ruling, Jerry Falwell and other religious conservatives launched the (MORAL MAJORITY) movement. The goal was to go beyond politics and interpret God’s will on (SOCIAL) and (CULTURAL) issues. [968]
4. [30.f.4] In a book entitled ______ _______ [1980], Jerry Falwell argued that the nation’s military establishment was “under the control of avid supporters of the women’s __________ movement.” [969]
[30.f.4] In a book entitled (LISTEN AMERICA! [1980]), Jerry Falwell argued that the nation’s military establishment was “under the control of avid supporters of the women’s (LIBERATION) movement.” [969]
5. [30.f.5] PTL, Christian Coalition, and other Religious Right groups used CA__ to raise money and support for their political agenda. [969]
[30.f.5] PTL, Christian Coalition, and other Religious Right groups used CA(TV) to raise money and support for their political agenda. [969]
6. [30.f.6] Supporters say Fox News host Bill _’______ articulates a new conservative viewpoint. [969]
[30.f.6] Supporters say Fox News host Bill (O’REILLY) articulates a new conservative viewpoint. [969]
7. [30.f.7] Other “fringe” ultra-libertarians/ultra-fundamentalists located on the right wing of the American political spectrum includes groups such as Waco’s Camp ________ sect and extremist ____________ ______ [_______]. [L]
[30.f.7] Other “fringe” ultra-libertarians/ultra-fundamentalists located on the right wing of the American political spectrum includes groups such as Waco’s Camp (DIVIDEAN) sect and extremist (PARAMILITARY GROUPS [MILITIA]). [L]
1. [31.b.1] In 1973 and 1976 oil crises struck the nation. How does OPEC influence prices? What measures did Carter propose to reduce US dependency on the Middle East? [976-977]

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) -

Carter Proposed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
[31.b.1] In 1973 and 1976 oil crises struck the nation. How does OPEC influence prices? What measures did Carter propose to reduce US dependency on the Middle East? [976-977]

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) – set quotas (control supply) to each country.

Carter Proposed:
a. Deregulation
b. Gas Tax
c. Conservation
d. More Nuclear Production (coal)
e. Solar Energy
2. [31.b.2] President Carter’s foreign policy produced mixed results. Carter championed human rights but critics charge that in specific situations dictators like _________ ______ of the Philippines continued to rule. Also, Carter’s human rights rhetoric inspired anti-American movements in _________ and ____. [978-979]
[31.b.2] President Carter’s foreign policy produced mixed results. Carter championed human rights but critics charge that in specific situations dictators like (FERDINAND MARCOS) of the Philippines continued to rule. Also, Carter’s human rights rhetoric inspired anti-American movements in (NICARAGUA) and (IRAN). [978-979]
1. [31.c.1] Did “supply-side” economics generate uniform economic improvement? [982]

a.
b.
c.
[31.c.1] Did “supply-side” economics generate uniform economic improvement? [982]

a. No – lower end service industry jobs.
b. Tax Less
c. Leave more money in lower sector, trickle-down theory.
2. [31.c.2] What was the most controversial aspect of Reagan’s foreign policy? [987-988]
[31.c.2] What was the most controversial aspect of Reagan’s foreign policy? [987-988]

Support for Contras in Nicaragua.
3. [31.c.3] What three theories have been invoked to explain the end of the cold war? Why was it beneficial to both the US and USSR to end it? [L, 988, 990-992]

a.
b.
c.
[31.c.3] What three theories have been invoked to explain the end of the cold war? Why was it beneficial to both the US and USSR to end it? [L, 988, 990-992]

a. Soviet reformers realize they are falling behind; reforms outstripped reformers.
b. George Shultz (Reagan Hard Liners) gets Gorbachev to join us.- 1) Freedom is universal desire; 2) Creation of new wealth cannot proceed under centralization and totalitarianism.
c. Globalization.
1. [31.d.1] How was Panama’s Manuel Noriega embarrassing to the George Bush Sr.? [992]
[31.d.1] How was Panama’s Manuel Noriega embarrassing to the George Bush Sr.? [992]

On payroll of CIA, and of drug dealers.
1. [31.e.1] What environmental problems will not likely be solved without world action? [999]

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
[31.e.1] What environmental problems will not likely be solved without world action? [999]

a. Global Warming (the “greenhouse effect”).
b. Holes in the ozone layer caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
c. Massive deforestation and desertification with accompanying climatic changes.
d. Pollution of the oceans.
e. The rapid decline of biological diversity among both plant and animal species.
2. [31.e.2] The text calls this problem “perplexing” but author Samathana Power calls ________ the “problem from hell.” [L]
[31.e.2] The text calls this problem “perplexing” but author Samathana Power calls (GENOCIDE) the “problem from hell.” [L]
Affluence & Discontents (200)
1. He said “affluence” was measured by your ability to buy through the extension of credit, not what you actually owned. [28.c.4]
He said “affluence” was measured by your ability to buy through the extension of credit, not what you actually owned. [28.c.4]

Who is John K. Galbraith?
Affluence & Discontents (400)
2. The percentage of the nation’s GNP pumped up by military expenditures in 1955. [28.c.2]
The percentage of the nation’s GNP pumped up by military expenditures in 1955. [28.c.2]

What is 10%
Affluence & Discontents (600)
3. In this 1956 book, W. H. Whyte claimed America was sacrificing individual values for corporate and conformist values. [28.d.1]
In this 1956 book, W. H. Whyte claimed America was sacrificing individual values for corporate and conformist values. [28.d.1]

The Organization Man (1956)
Affluence & Discontents (800)
4. The title of Michael Harrington’s 1962 book reminding America that the “invisible poor” were not participating in the general prosperity. [28.f.5]
The title of Michael Harrington’s 1962 book reminding America that the “invisible poor” were not participating in the general prosperity. [28.f.5]

The Other America (1962)
Affluence & Discontents (1000)
5. As a student he authored the Port Huron Statement (1962). In 1968 he was one of the “Chicago 8” standing trial for the riot at the Democratic Convention. [29.b.1, 29.c.1]
As a student he authored the Port Huron Statement (1962). In 1968 he was one of the “Chicago 8” standing trial for the riot at the Democratic Convention. [29.b.1, 29.c.1]

Tom Hayden
Space & Nukes (200)
6. U.S. sponsored landings at the Bay of Pigs failed to oust the island’s leftist leader, but Kennedy did prevent Soviet missile shipments in 1962. [28.g.5, 28.g.7]
U.S. sponsored landings at the Bay of Pigs failed to oust the island’s leftist leader, but Kennedy did prevent Soviet missile shipments in 1962. [28.g.5, 28.g.7]

Cuba
Space & Nukes (400)
7. The Soviet launch of this satellite in 1957 triggered two things: 1) the National Education Defense Act and 2) a government call to women to meet the Russian challenge. [28.d.4, 28.g.4]
The Soviet launch of this satellite in 1957 triggered two things: 1) the National Education Defense Act and 2) a government call to women to meet the Russian challenge. [28.d.4, 28.g.4]

Sputnik
Space & Nukes (600)
8. The ______ Report urged ICBM development , fall-out shelters, and space-age research (Advanced Projects Research Agency). The Oct. 1957 Sputnik launch gave this report extra urgency. [28.f.3]
The ______ Report urged ICBM development , fall-out shelters, and space-age research (Advanced Projects Research Agency). The Oct. 1957 Sputnik launch gave this report extra urgency. [28.f.3]

The Gaither Report
Space & Nukes (800)
9. This defense policy of the Eisenhower-Dulles years relied on massive retaliation with nuclear weapons to 1) contain Soviet influence & 2) reduce defense expenditures. [28.a.2]
This defense policy of the Eisenhower-Dulles years relied on massive retaliation with nuclear weapons to 1) contain Soviet influence & 2) reduce defense expenditures. [28.a.2]

The New Look
Space & Nukes (1000)
10. When the USSR reached nuclear parity with the U.S., Kissinger and Nixon sought ______ with the Soviets. Ditching Vietnam and signing SALT I were necessary steps in the process. [29.e.1]
When the USSR reached nuclear parity with the U.S., Kissinger and Nixon sought ______ with the Soviets. Ditching Vietnam and signing SALT I were necessary steps in the process. [29.e.1]

Détente
Civil Rights (200)
11. The celebrated court case that heralded the breakdown of racial segregation in America. [28.f.1]
The celebrated court case that heralded the breakdown of racial segregation in America. [28.f.1]

Brown v. Topeka Board of Education (1954)
Civil Rights (400)
12. Its passage in Congress made segregation illegal, empowered the Attorney General to prosecute Civil Rights violations, and established the EEOC. [29.a.1]
Its passage in Congress made segregation illegal, empowered the Attorney General to prosecute Civil Rights violations, and established the EEOC. [29.a.1]

The 1964 Civil Rights Act
Civil Rights (600)
13. MLK hoped to awaken feeling of love or guilt by using this strategy for social change in America. [28.f.4]
MLK hoped to awaken feeling of love or guilt by using this strategy for social change in America. [28.f.4]

Non-Violence
Civil Rights (800)
14. The Black political option founded by Bobby Seals, Stokley Carmichael, and Malcolm-X that advocated Black solidarity and armed struggle in lieu of SCLC integrationist goals. [29.c.8]
The Black political option founded by Bobby Seals, Stokley Carmichael, and Malcolm-X that advocated Black solidarity and armed struggle in lieu of SCLC integrationist goals. [29.c.8]

The Black Panthers
Civil Rights (1000)
15. Sociologists predict that this growing American tendency might eventually undercut the need for vigorous Affirmative Action programs. [30.e.10]
Sociologists predict that this growing American tendency might eventually undercut the need for vigorous Affirmative Action programs. [30.e.10]

Inter-Racial Marriage
Into the Quagmire (200)
16. These 1954 talks followed the French defeat in Vietnam. Divided Vietnam at 17th parallel. Nationwide elections in 1956 would unify the country. U.S. reneged and installed a pro-American government in the southern half. [28.b.2]
These 1954 talks followed the French defeat in Vietnam. Divided Vietnam at 17th parallel. Nationwide elections in 1956 would unify the country. U.S. reneged and installed a pro-American government in the southern half. [28.b.2]

The Geneva Accords (1954)
Into the Quagmire (400)
17. Instrumental in helping LBJ get his Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964), this senator later became one of the most forceful critics of the Vietnam War. [29.b.1]
Instrumental in helping LBJ get his Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964), this senator later became one of the most forceful critics of the Vietnam War. [29.b.1]

William J. Fulbright (D-Arkansas)
Into the Quagmire (600)
18. Critics of the Vietnam war contend the Joint Chiefs failed to develop a strategy for this type of war. [29.b.7]
Critics of the Vietnam war contend the Joint Chiefs failed to develop a strategy for this type of war. [29.b.7]

Counter-Insurgency Warfare
Into the Quagmire (800)
19. He was the North Vietnamese general in 2 wars and won both: first against France and later against the United States. [29.b.1]
He was the North Vietnamese general in 2 wars and won both: first against France and later against the United States. [29.b.1]

Vo Giap
Into the Quagmire (1000)
20. It was the army’s operational doctrine. It assumed: [29.b.6]
a. Use of maneuver battalions.
b. Employment of technology and firepower.
c. Analysis of enemy according to conventional orders of battle.
d. American wars would be mid-high-intensity conflicts.
It was the army’s operational doctrine. It assumed: [29.b.6]
a. Use of maneuver battalions.
b. Employment of technology and firepower.
c. Analysis of enemy according to conventional orders of battle.
d. American wars would be mid-high-intensity conflicts.

The Army Concept
1968 (200)
21. The Viet Cong shocked America when it mounted this offensive which struck 60 provincial towns and capitals. The “Wisemen” later advised LBJ to begin negotiations to end the war. [29.c.9]
The Viet Cong shocked America when it mounted this offensive which struck 60 provincial towns and capitals. The “Wisemen” later advised LBJ to begin negotiations to end the war. [29.c.9]

The TET Offensive
1968 (400)
22. Assassinated 5 June, this U.S. democratic senator was running on a presidential platform that opposed the Vietnam war and that championed minority rights. [29.c.9]
Assassinated 5 June, this U.S. democratic senator was running on a presidential platform that opposed the Vietnam war and that championed minority rights. [29.c.9]

Robert F. Kennedy
1968 (600)
23. The Press at this event revealed the depth of political division and grassroots opposition to U.S. foreign policy caused by the Vietnam War. [29.c.9]
The Press at this event revealed the depth of political division and grassroots opposition to U.S. foreign policy caused by the Vietnam War. [29.c.9]

The Democratic Convention
1968 (800)
24. The imbalance of payments, the Great Society, and the Indochina War generated this crisis that partially explains the U.S. pullout of Vietnam. [29.d.4]
The imbalance of payments, the Great Society, and the Indochina War generated this crisis that partially explains the U.S. pullout of Vietnam. [29.d.4]

The Gold Crisis
1968 (1000)
25. Antiwar demonstrations, financial strain, and elite dissent were demonstrating that forced integration of the world system in pursuit of ______ was being purchased at a price the U.S. could not afford. [28.a.1]
Antiwar demonstrations, financial strain, and elite dissent were demonstrating that forced integration of the world system in pursuit of ______ was being purchased at a price the U.S. could not afford. [28.a.1]

Hegemony
Transition Toward the 1980s (200)
26. The dry air and open spaces drew people to the microchip and aerospace industries of this region. [30.a.2]
The dry air and open spaces drew people to the microchip and aerospace industries of this region. [30.a.2]

The Sun Belt
Transition Toward the 1980s (400)
27. Support for governments in this region known for human rights violations constitutes the most controversial aspect of U.S. foreign policy during the Reagan years. [31.b.2]
Support for governments in this region known for human rights violations constitutes the most controversial aspect of U.S. foreign policy during the Reagan years. [31.b.2]

Central America
Transition Toward the 1980s (600)
28. OPEC has traditionally controlled ______ prices by colluding to limit production. [31.b.1]
OPEC has traditionally controlled ______ prices by colluding to limit production. [31.b.1]

Oil
Transition Toward the 1980s (800)
29. African-Americans generally supported this Supreme Court nominee in 1994 despite accusations from women that his past sexism would shame the land’s highest tribunal. Indicative that strength of ethnic solidarity more influential in forming Black opinion than faith in civil rights reforms. [30.e.5]
African-Americans generally supported this Supreme Court nominee in 1994 despite accusations from women that his past sexism would shame the land’s highest tribunal. Indicative that strength of ethnic solidarity more influential in forming Black opinion than faith in civil rights reforms. [30.e.5]

Clarence Thomas
Transition Toward the 1980s (1000)
30. It was the belief during the Reagan years that budget decreases and tax cuts for the wealthy and for corporations would increase the supply of private sector money, resulting in an expanded tax base and greater prosperity for all. [31.c.1]
It was the belief during the Reagan years that budget decreases and tax cuts for the wealthy and for corporations would increase the supply of private sector money, resulting in an expanded tax base and greater prosperity for all. [31.c.1]

“Supply-Side Economics”