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102 Cards in this Set

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a. [22.a] The United States Looks Abroad. In 1898, the U.S. acquired its first ________ territories. Historians argue over the significance of this. Was overseas expansion a continuation of the 300 previous years, during which Anglo-Saxons overran North America, or was the _______-American war a radical shift from the past?
[22.a] The United States Looks Abroad. In 1898, the U.S. acquired its first (OVERSEAS) territories. Historians argue over the significance of this. Was overseas expansion a continuation of the 300 previous years, during which Anglo-Saxons overran North America, or was the (SPANISH)-American war a radical shift from the past?
1. [22.a.1] The fact that the U.S. government took foreign policy more seriously during the 1890’s indicates a ________ _____. [L]
[22.a.1] The fact that the U.S. government took foreign policy more seriously during the 1890’s indicates a (PARADIGM SHIFT). [L]
2. [22.a.2] Tell the long-term causes of the Spanish-American War. [L]
Recite 3 key statistics that tell the story of U.S. industrial growth. [L]
a.
b.
c.
[22.a.2] Tell the long-term causes of the Spanish-American War. [L]
Recite 3 key statistics that tell the story of U.S. industrial growth. [L]

Wisconsin school suggests U.S. domestic peace required overseas economic expansion.

a. Exports have tripled.
b. Percent of world trade doubles.
c. Industrial output doubles (from agriculture to industry) (1880-1900).
3. [22.a.3] In what ways was McKinley the first “modern” president? [L]
a.
b.
c.
[22.a.3] In what ways was McKinley the first “modern” president? [L]

a. Centralized power by appointing cabinet members dependent on him.
b. Aligned his interests with those of the ruling oligarchy in the Senate. By 1898, the Senate went to the President for advice, it was opposite of this before 1890.
c. New communications operational and mobilizational control.
b. [22.b] The Spanish-American War. American indignation over Spanish methods in ____ reached the boiling point. McKinley took the country to war against _____ in April 1898. The Navy was ready; the ____ was not.
[22.b] The Spanish-American War. American indignation over Spanish methods in (CUBA) reached the boiling point. McKinley took the country to war against (SPAIN) in April 1898. The Navy was ready; the (ARMY) was not.
1. [22.b.1] In the U.S. the press presented Spanish General Valeriano ______ as a fiendish butcher of the Cuban people. [676-677]
[22.b.1] In the U.S. the press presented Spanish General Valeriano (WEYLER) as a fiendish butcher of the Cuban people. [676-677]
2. [22.b.2] Pro-war sentiment grew in the U.S. after the press printed the _____ ______ letter and the Spanish were accused of blowing up the U.S.S _____ in Havana Harbor. [677]
[22.b.2] Pro-war sentiment grew in the U.S. after the press printed the (DUPUY DeLOME) letter and the Spanish were accused of blowing up the U.S.S (MAINE) in Havana Harbor. [677]
3. [22.b.3] The ______ amendment to the war declaration stated that the U. S. would not seize control of Cuba when the war was over. [677]
[22.b.3] The (TELLER) amendment to the war declaration stated that the U. S. would not seize control of Cuba when the war was over. [677]
4. [22.b.4] On 1 May 1898 Admiral George _____ sailed into _______ Bay, The Philippines, and destroyed the Spanish fleet. In the meantime, U. S. naval forces clamped a ________ around ____ and transported the army’s __,___ thousand-man V Corps to the island. The Spanish sent another fleet under Admiral Cervera to reinforce Cuba but U. S. ships _________ it. [677, & Map 678]
[22.b.4] On 1 May 1898 Admiral George (DEWEY) sailed into (MANILLA) Bay, The Philippines, and destroyed the Spanish fleet. In the meantime, U. S. naval forces clamped a (BLOCKAID) around (CUBA) and transported the army’s (17,000) thousand-man V Corps to the island. The Spanish sent another fleet under Admiral Cervera to reinforce Cuba but U. S. ships (DESTROYED) it. [677, & Map 678]
5. [22.b.5] Did the U. S. Army have an easy time dealing with Spanish troops on Cuba? [677, 679]
[22.b.5] Did the U. S. Army have an easy time dealing with Spanish troops on Cuba? [677, 679]

Only 379 troops die in battle; 5,462 die from disease.
6. [22.b.6] How did racism taint the views of American soldiers toward Cubans and Filipinos? [678 – 679]
[22.b.6] How did racism taint the views of American soldiers toward Cubans and Filipinos? [678 – 679]

Racist views of Cubans limited cooperation between U.S. troops and Cuban guerillas.
7. [22.b.7] The Treaty of _____ (1899) ended the Spanish-American War. The U. S. acquired ______ ____ in the Caribbean, and in the Pacific received Guam and the 5,000 islands known as The ___________. [679]
[22.b.7] The Treaty of (PARIS) (1899) ended the Spanish-American War. The U. S. acquired (PUERTO RICO) in the Caribbean, and in the Pacific received Guam and the 5,000 islands known as The (PHILIPPEANS). [679]
c. [22.c] The U. S. Becomes a World Power. Not all Americans believed the Spanish-American War had been a “splendid little war,” as Secretary of State John ___ called it. Acquisition of the ___________ imposed a strategic dilemma (how do you defend them?) and a moral dilemma (how can we justify ruling over a foreign people?).
[22.c] The U. S. Becomes a World Power. Not all Americans believed the Spanish-American War had been a “splendid little war,” as Secretary of State John (HAY) called it. Acquisition of the (PHILIPPEANS) imposed a strategic dilemma (how do you defend them?) and a moral dilemma (how can we justify ruling over a foreign people?).
1. [22.c.1] Who was Emilio Aguinaldo? How did the U. S. respond to Aguinaldo’s goal? [I, 681, 882]
[22.c.1] Who was Emilio Aguinaldo? How did the U. S. respond to Aguinaldo’s goal? [I, 681, 882]

He was a Philipeno Freedom Fighter (Nationalist) fighting against Spain. Teller amendment covers Cuba, not Philippeans – we wanted them.
2. [22.c.2] Those who opposed the U. S. takeover of the Philippines such as Mark Twain, William Jennings Bryan, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, W. James, and D. Howells, were called ____-____________. [681]
[22.c.2] Those who opposed the U. S. takeover of the Philippines such as Mark Twain, William Jennings Bryan, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, W. James, and D. Howells, were called (ANTI-IMPERIALISTS). [681]
3. [22.c.3] A 1901 Congressional act known as the _____ Amendment transformed Cuba into a “protectorate” of the U. S., meaning the U. S. controlled Cuba’s relations with the external world. [683]
[22.c.3] A 1901 Congressional act known as the (PLATT) Amendment transformed Cuba into a “protectorate” of the U. S., meaning the U. S. controlled Cuba’s relations with the external world. [683]
4. [22.c.4] How did the Foraker Act (1900) affect Puerto Rico? [684]
[22.c.4] How did the Foraker Act (1900) affect Puerto Rico? [684]

Made Puerto Rico a territory, but citizens not residents of the U.S.; Sugar markets required Puerto Rican people to pay tariff, but not land tax?
5. [22.c.5] The ____ ____ Notes, circulated by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899, requested European powers to respect Chinese territorial integrity. The policy suggested growing U. S. __________ in being able to win the China market without an exclusive colonial zone of its own. [685]
[22.c.5] The (OPEN DOOR) Notes, circulated by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899, requested European powers to respect Chinese territorial integrity. The policy suggested growing U. S. (CONFIDENCE) in being able to win the China market without an exclusive colonial zone of its own. [685]
d. [22.d] Historian Walter LaFeber had this to say of Ted Roosevelt’s _______ policy: “Roosevelt played a role in creating a revolutionary, war-wracked world, instead of creating a balance-of-power complex that maintained a healthy, gradually ________ international system.”
[22.d] Historian Walter LaFeber had this to say of Ted Roosevelt’s (FOREIGN) policy: “Roosevelt played a role in creating a revolutionary, war-wracked world, instead of creating a balance-of-power complex that maintained a healthy, gradually (EVOLVING) international system.”
1. [22.d.1] What was the fatal flaw in Ted Roosevelt’s geopolitical thinking? [686, L]
[22.d.1] What was the fatal flaw in Ted Roosevelt’s geopolitical thinking? [686, L]

Too confident that Great Britain will play its role in Empire building with U.S. partnership. Ted Roosevelt doesn’t see Great Britain influence in decline and rise of revolutionary governments against imperialism (colmialism).
2. [22.d.2] The _________ Corollary to the ______ Doctrine in 1904 stated the U. S. reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American neighbors as a kind of Hemispheric policeman and financial stabilizer. [686]
[22.d.2] The (ROOSEVELT) Corollary to the (MONROE) Doctrine in 1904 stated the U. S. reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American neighbors as a kind of Hemispheric policeman and financial stabilizer. [686]
3. [22.d.3] Ted Roosevelt seized ______ by fomenting a revolution in 1902 then consolidated U. S. control by building a _____ completed in 1914. [688 – 689]
[22.d.3] Ted Roosevelt seized (PANAMA) by fomenting a revolution in 1902 then consolidated U. S. control by building a (CANAL) completed in 1914. [688 – 689]
4. [22.d.4] Japan gained and _____ lost when Ted Roosevelt endorsed the ____-Takahara agreement of 1908 by recognizing Japan’s special interests” in China? [691]
[22.d.4] Japan gained and (CHINA) lost when Ted Roosevelt endorsed the (ROOT)-Takahara agreement of 1908 by recognizing Japan’s special interests” in China? [691]
5. [22.d.5] In 1907 Ted Roosevelt ordered the U. S. navy on a 2-year cruise. Why did the “Great White Fleet” sail around the world? [692]
a.
b.
c.
[22.d.5] In 1907 Ted Roosevelt ordered the U. S. navy on a 2-year cruise. Why did the “Great White Fleet” sail around the world? [692]
a. Prove the reach of U.S. navy (power projection).
b. Test the technical ability of the fleet.
c. Test Alfred Mahan principle of fleet concentration.
e. [22.e] William H. Taft, Dollar ________. Taft’s first love was being a judge on the Supreme Court (1921 – 1930). He once said, “The truth is, that in my present life I don’t remember that I ever was President. Needless to say, Taft was not sophisticated enough to wipe away the “___ _____” taste Ted Roosevelt left in the mouths of our Latin American neighbors.
[22.e] William H. Taft, Dollar (DIPLOMAT). Taft’s first love was being a judge on the Supreme Court (1921 – 1930). He once said, “The truth is, that in my present life I don’t remember that I ever was President. Needless to say, Taft was not sophisticated enough to wipe away the “(BIG STICK)” taste Ted Roosevelt left in the mouths of our Latin American neighbors.
1. [22.e.1] Controlling the economy of another country while allowing a limited self-rule is a form of colonialism referred to as ______ _________. [693]
[22.e.1] Controlling the economy of another country while allowing a limited self-rule is a form of colonialism referred to as (DOLLAR DIPLOMAT). [693]
f. [22.f] Woodrow Wilson, Struggling ________. Wilson’s foreign policy has been dubbed “__________ ________” because of its moral tinge. Wilson was willing to respect the principle of self-determination in Europe after WWI, but not in places in the Western Hemisphere, like Dominican Republic and Mexico.
[22.f] Woodrow Wilson, Struggling (IDEALIST). Wilson’s foreign policy has been dubbed “(MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY)” because of its moral tinge. Wilson was willing to respect the principle of self-determination in Europe after WWI, but not in places in the Western Hemisphere, like Dominican Republic and Mexico.
1. [22.f.1] Describe dependency theory as it related to U.S.-Dominican Republic relations. [L]
[22.f.1] Describe dependency theory as it related to U.S.-Dominican Republic relations. [L]

Wilson sends U.S. troops to Dominican Republic to stabilize economy. By 1925, U.S. corporations owned 81% of Dominican Republic’s arable land. Peasants forced off land and in to cane fields and refineries. Some public projects completed , but U.S. backs Dictators for the next 50 years.
2. [22.f.2] Wilson sympathized with democratic movements but responded to the Mexican Revolution by shelling ____ ____ in 1914 and ordering an army expedition to capture ______ _____ in 1916. [695]
[22.f.2] Wilson sympathized with democratic movements but responded to the Mexican Revolution by shelling (VERA CRUZ) in 1914 and ordering an army expedition to capture (PANCHO VILLA) in 1916. [695]
1. [22.g.1] How did U. S. imperialism compare to the European powers? How did it compare to our own democratic foundation? [695 – 696]
[22.g.1] How did U. S. imperialism compare to the European powers? How did it compare to our own democratic foundation? [695 – 696]

U.S. and Britain left political institutions, schools, etc. European powers were more harsh. Goes against own beginnings.
1. 1A – _____ troops served in the U. S. 10th Infantry Regiment in Cuba.
Black
2. 4A – A British industrial expert observed that American manufacturers are “clearing the _____.” [a.2]
Field
3. 7A – Those species which fail to _____ will not survive. [a.2]
Adapt
4. 9A – This U. S. president respected the Japanese, loathed the Chinese, and explained his foreign policy with this advice: “Speak softly and carry a Big Stick.” [d.1 & 3]
Roosevelt
5. 10A – The “________ Notes” demonstrated U. S. confidence that it could compete economically against all the Great Powers in China if all nations accepted equal access to Chinese markets instead of each taking a guaranteed slice of China for itself. [c.5]
Opendoor
6. 14A – In 1914, U. S. warships shelled Vera ____ in retaliation for the Mexican failure to salute the American flag. Actually, President Wilson was trying to destabilize Huerta’s regime. [f.2]
Cruz
7. 17A – ____ horses were often used to transport supplies during military campaigns or down the Grand Canyon.
Pack
8. 18A – A Pacific island annexed by the U. S. in 1899. [b.7]
Guam
9. 20A – Nations that seek more formal empires annex territories and rule them as ________. [g.1]
Colonies
10. 21A – Used to write on black boards.
Chalk
11. 23A – The _____ trust appealed to the U. S. government to restore stability to Cuba and other Caribbean islands during the 1890’s, possibly leading to the Spanish-American War in 1898. [a.2]
Sugar
12. 24A – This founder of Hull House should also be counted on a list of anti-imperialists. [c.2]
Addams
13. 25A – Latin American historians argue that U. S. corporate intervention in the economies of Caribbean states and Central American Republics often forced them into a __________ relationship with the U. S. and the rest of the world. [f.1]
Dependency
14. 26A – Historian Robert Beisner suggests that the U. S. experienced a “________ shift” during the 1890’s which set America on a trajectory of expansion, intervention, and war in Latin American and the Philippines. [a.1]
Paradigm
15. 28A – General John J. Pershing invaded ______ 9 March 1916 in search of Pancho Villa. Villa had raided Columbus, NM and killed 16 Americans. [f.2]
Mexico
16. 29A – Dupuy de ____, the Spanish ambassador to the U. S., left a letter on his desk saying that Spain had no intention of granting Cuba its independence. American public opinion was outraged when it found out that Spain was not negotiating in “good faith.” [b.2]
Lome
17. 31A – Name of U. S. battleship that blew up in Havana Harbor, 15 February 1898, killing 266 U. S. sailers and officers. Spain was blamed. The incident occurred 1 week after the Hearst paper had printed the Spanish ambassador’s incriminating letter. [b.2]
Maine
18. 34A – Theodore Roosevelt led the First U. S. Volunteer Cavalry (Rough Riders) up San ____ Hill.
Juan
19. 37A – Theodore Roosevelt was more interested in the _______ of power among the Great Powers than he was in gauging the aspiration of the peoples living under colonial dominion. [d.1]
Balance
20. 38A – The 1824 ______ Doctrine had made the Western Hemisphere off-limits to further European colonization. In 1904, Roosevelt’s Corollary restated this position. He argued that the U. S. alone had the right to intervene in Central America to prevent economic, political, and social disorder. [d.4]
Monroe
21. 40A – The 1901 _____ Amendment made Cuba a U. S. protectorate. Cuba could not sign alliances with other countries and could not accrue excessive foreign debt. The U. S. also established a naval base and secured the right to intervene in Cuba. Cuba abrogated this relationship in 1934. [c.3]
Platt
22. 43A – The U. S. intervened here between 1899 – 1903. An independence movement was crushed and the islands remained under U. S. control until 1946. [c.1]
Philippines
23. 45A – Emilio _________ led the fight for Filipino independence, first against Spain, then against the U. S. He was captured by General Frederick Funston in 1901 and swore allegiance to the U. S. [c.1]
Aguinaldo
24. 47A – This type of communication enabled the U. S. president to exchange information with his commanders in Cuba in 10 minutes. The “quadruplex” line enabled 4 messages to travel across one cable at the same time. [a.3]
Telegraph
25. 48A – __________ output generated a huge class of laborers, and a demand for resources and markets. [a.2]
Industrial
26. 52A – Historian Walter LaFeber calls him the first modern president. He controlled foreign policy and appointed men to office dependent on him.
McKinley
27. 53A – Formerly Abraham Lincoln’s personal secretary, John ___ was the U. S. Secretary of State in 1899. His famous circular notes asked the Great Powers to respect the territorial integrity of China. [c.5]
Hay
28. 55A – As late as 1909, the U. S. produced more ___ than the rest of the world combined.
Oil
29. 56A – This country is the 2nd oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere. It is also the poorest-the results of penetration, intervention, and dependency. [f.1]
Haiti
30. 59A – In 1898 this U. S. senator said: “We must have new markets unless we would be visited by declines in wages and by great industrial disturbances, of which signs have not been lacking. The old theory of competing in foreign markets by the price of the product is no longer practicable.” [a.2]
Lodge
31. 62A – Words like “_____ foot” came into vogue during the early 1900’s. [20.c.1]
Pussy
32. 63A – German for “one”.
Ein
33. 64A – Commodore George Dewey started the Spanish-American War in the Philippines with this famous order 1 May 1898: “You may fire when _____, Gridley.” [b.4]
Ready
34. 66A – They are completely surrounded by water and are stepping stones to Oriental markets. [a.2]
Islands
35. 67A – This island was annexed by the U. S. in the Treaty of Paris, 1899. Today this island of 4 million people sends one person to Congress but that representative has no vote. [b.7]
Puerto Rico
36. 68A – In 1974, Admiral Hyman Rickover concluded that an explosion in the coal ______ sent the 324 foot long Maine to the bottom of Havana harbor. [b.2]
Bunker
37. 2D – Acronym for “Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol.”
LRRP
38. 3D – The fabled “_____ Market” stimulated U. S. expansion across the Pacific. A half-dozen other Great Powers also sought economic advantage here, notably the Japan. The imaginative Chinese official Yuan Shih-k’ai tried to entice the U. S. and other to block Japanese expansion in 1908, but to no avail. [d.4]
China
39. 4D – ____ of immigration, labor violence, the end of the frontier, and over-production helps explain the paradigm shift of the 1890’s. [a.1]
Fear
40. 5D – “Social _________” was the firmly held belief that nations are like species. Failure to adapt to the competitive world of international relations would relegate a nation to 2nd class status. [a.2]
Darwinism
41. 6D – A pejorative term U. S. soldiers applied to Filipinos. Also used in Vietnam. [b.6]
Gooks
42. 7D – Spanish for “high” or “upper.”
Alto
43. 8D – In international law, a relationship in which on state surrenders part of its sovereignty to another. The subordinate partner is called a ____________. This was the preferred method of U. S. imperialism. Hint: See Platt Amendment. [g.1]
Protectorate
44. 11D – The year the Spanish-American War began.
1898
45. 12D – The U. S. obtained this Cuban naval base in 1901. The U. S. still retains control. The opening scene of A Few Good Men was here.
Guantanamo
46. 13D – The U. S. navy’s Flying Squadron and Atlantic Squadron clamped a ________ around Cuba. [b.4]
Blockade
47. 15D – This 1900 act empowered the president of the U. S. to appoint a governor and council for Puerto Rico with legislative and executive powers. The people granted U. S. citizenship in 1917. [c.4]
Foraker
48. 16D – The U. S. Navy sought _______ stations in order to protect vital water passages, guard shipping routes, and make necessary demonstrations of U. S. power. [a.2]
Coaling
49. 19D – Short for “Montgomery College.”
MC
50. 22D – Maximo Gomez and Jose Marti led the revolt on this island beginning in 1895 that led to Spain’s loss of its last New World Possession. [b]
Cuba
51. 25D – It killed over 5,000 U. S. soldiers. Only 376 died from Spanish Mauser bullets. [b.5]
Disease
52. 27D – The United Fruit Company transformed The _________ Republic into a dependency by divesting peasants of their subsistence land and forcing them to work in cane fields or sugar refineries. [f.1]
Dominican
53. 30D – Commodore George Dewey destroyed the decrepit Spanish fleet here in about 3 hours, 1 May 1898. [b.4]
Manila
54. 32D – ______ access drove U. S. expansion. [a.2]
Market
55. 33D – The U. S. would not allow Caribbean islands and Central American states to accrue too much foreign ____, which Washington feared would provide an excuse for European powers to intervene in the Western Hemisphere.
Debt
56. 35D – _________ intrusion converted self-sufficient island economies into dependencies. [f.1]
Corporate
57. 36D – The United _____ Company operated everywhere.
Fruit
58. 39D – Great _______ was the greatest imperial power in the world. Roosevelt admired its example. However, its government deferred to the U. S. power during the 1890’s in Brazil (1893), Nicaragua (1894), and Venezuela (1895). [d.1]
Britain
59. 41D – The rising power in the western Pacific. [a.2]
Japan
60. 42D – The silicate waste produced during the forging of steel.
Slag
61. 44D – Part of Columbia in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt fomented a revolution that resulted in its detachment from Columbia then boasted, “I took ______.” It was classically Roosevelt. [d.3]
Panama
62. 46D – Navalist theory preached the supremacy of the __________ and fleet action to gain command of the sea. [a.2]
Battleship
63. 49D – “______ Diplomacy” describes a situation in which business interests dictate policy. The term usually implies the preferred method of the William Taft administration, but in reality it characterized the whole period between 1898 – 1917. [e.1]
Dollar
64. 50D – This country lost its 400-year empire in 1899. [b.3]
Spain
65. 51D – U. S. foreign policy alternately aimed at crushing or starting __________ in order to achieve stability or opportunity in developing nations. [d.1]
Revolution
66. 52D – Navy captain who wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon the World (1890). [a.2]
Mahan
67. 54D – Commander of the U. S. Asiatic Squadron, 1898. [b.3]
Dewey
68. 57D – This amendment to the U. S. declaration of War against Spain expressly stated that the U. S. had no intention of annexing Cuba. [b.3]
Teller
69. 58D – The _____ U. S. Volunteer Cavalry was one of 3 such units consisting of volunteers who wanted to fight in the Spanish-American War.
First
70. 60D – The U. S. ______ sector tripled between 1860 – 1897. This evidenced the need for expanded markets. [a.2]
Export
71. 61D – When the Panama _____ was completed in 1914, the distance between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans was cut from 13,600 to 5,300 miles. [d.3]
Canal
72. 65D – Not cool. Type of stick used to check oil level.
Dip