History And Systems Test 2

Front 1

who believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Back 1

Lamarck

Front 2

Who discovered the diversity of life?

Back 2

Darwin

Front 3

Preferred to study not just the fossil but the psychological unity of the organic world

Back 3

Haeckel

Front 4

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Back 4

development repeats evolution (Haeckel)

Front 5

To study animals in the natural world

Back 5

Ethology

Front 6

To study animals in the closest environment to the natural environment

Back 6

Richness Orientation- Romaines

Front 7

Forerunner of functionalism

Back 7

Spencer

Front 8

Believed in the survival of the fittest

Back 8

Spencer

Front 9

The debate regarding evolution

Back 9

Huxley vs. Wilberforce

Front 10

Time period in which they found out the cells exist

Back 10

1600s-1700s

Front 11

Discovered the nervous system has "electrical" properties

Back 11

Galvani

Front 12

Who contested Galvani's theory?

Back 12

Volton- the nervous system is more electrical biology than electric

Front 13

Used the silver salt staining method to see one neuron in a few hundred. Through this process saw the brain had cells as well.

Back 13

Golgi

Front 14

Discovered cells are different shapes

Back 14

Golgi

Front 15

Elucidate the actual neuron

Back 15

Ramon y Cajal, Nansen, Waldeyer

Front 16

A reductionist outlook that studied the relationship between world and subjective impression

Back 16

Psychophysics

Front 17

Coined the term Psychophysics

Back 17

Fechner

Front 18

Used the aesthesiometer to study cutaneous sensitivity

Back 18

Weber

Front 19

Measured the speed of the neural speed

Back 19

Helmholtz

Front 20

Name of theory whose equations could be be solved emphasized by psychophysics

Back 20

Chaos Thoery

Front 21

Wundt's definition of psychology

Back 21

"Facts of Consciousness"

Front 22

Believed in mental elements, sensations combine into percepts and ideas

Back 22

Wundt

Front 23

Passive combinations are associations. Active combinations are ________

Back 23

Apperceptions

Front 24

This psychophysist who wanted to move more into psychology wanted to study feelings and creative synthesis

Back 24

Wundt- his method fails

Front 25

Reason why Wundt's introspection failed

Back 25

Difficult to train in something that does not make sense. Science must be:1. Public2. Replicable

Front 26

Brought Wundt ideas to the United States

Back 26

Titchner

Front 27

Founder of Structuralism

Back 27

Titchner

Front 28

A field of psychology that studies the elements of the mind.

Back 28

Structuralism

Front 29

Titchener defines psychology as the _____

Back 29

The elements of the mind

Front 30

Believed that psychological realities are built of elements: sensations form perceptions, which form ideas affections form emotions

Back 30

Titchener

Front 31

Believed in the primary vs secondary attention

Back 31

Titchener- primary is automatic secondary is voluntary

Front 32

Believed association as governed completely by the law of contiguity

Back 32

Kitchener-Connections are learned when stimuli are arranged as effective cues for response.

Front 33

Believed in Wholism

Back 33

Brentano

Front 34

Late 19th century rejection of psychology's reduction to physiology

Back 34

Brentano

Front 35

Studied experiments on psychophysics and perseveration

Back 35

Muller-Strict

Front 36

Believed in the higher processes, e.g the mental set

Back 36

Kulpe- looked border, a holistic view

Front 37

Studied the following sensations quality intensity clearness, duration

Back 37

Titchener

Front 38

Stated that one had to define their terms of what is real

Back 38

Brentano

Front 39

opposed Brentano's Wholism

Back 39

Muller-Strict

Front 40

Believed experience provides the material for reflection

Back 40

Descartes

Front 41

Entity is harmonious with universe

Back 41

monad

Front 42

Believed man to be like a clock, synchronized

Back 42

Leibniz's monadology

Front 43

A belief that nature never leaps

Back 43

Uniformatarianism

Front 44

Referred psychology as the rational analysis of the soul

Back 44

Wolff

Front 45

Believed knowledge begins with sensory experience. However percepts are given to us by concepts

Back 45

Kant (1700)

Front 46

Proved muscles do not inflate and therefore proved the soul is not in the muscle

Back 46

Swammerdam

Front 47

Discredited Descartes by showing the pineal gland does not lean and there is one in animals

Back 47

Stensen

Front 48

Discovered reflexes can occur in decapitated frogs but not if spinal cord is destroyed

Back 48

Hales (1700s)

Front 49

Showed the decapitated human also can't sense or think

Back 49

Unzer

Front 50

Enlarged on Hales, distinguished voluntary from involuntary movements

Back 50

Whytt (The conscious act is directly related to the voluntary act in the real world.

Front 51

Believed clarity of thought as function of body temperature.

Back 51

LaMettrie

Front 52

Quarreling partners who discovered the motor function of the ventral root

Back 52

Bell and Magendie- observed through simple irritation

Front 53

Believed sensory energies are specific to their modalities

Back 53

Muller (1800s) - pressing eyelid

Front 54

Studied the speed of impulse

Back 54

Helmholtz

Front 55

Discovered the normal curve applied by Quetelet

Back 55

Gaus

Front 56

Victorian Science-Studied regression, correlation, scattergrams

Back 56

Galton

Front 57

Was able to study the correlation of the inheritance of genius

Back 57

Galton

Front 58

Epochs and change- similarities among animals and their common ancestries

Back 58

Buffon (1700s)

Front 59

Uniformitarianism vs Catastrophism

Back 59

Lyell vs Cuvier

Front 60

Founder of geography, nature never repeats

Back 60

Lyell