History 100 Exam 2

Front 1

Praetorian Guard

Back 1

elite one and a half legions created by Augustus stationed in Rome to serve as a ceremonial escort for the emperor, maintain order in the city and enforce the emperors will through out italy.

Front 2

Punic Wars

Back 2

1st: Rome v. Carthage for control over Sicily. Rome broke an agreement with Carthage after winning Sicily
2nd: hannibal captured a spanish town Rome was allies with. Carthage had the upper hadn but Rome owned.
3rd: total destruction of Carthage.

Front 3

Pax Romana

Back 3

an era that means the Roman peace. at this time a new roman legion was established and brought a nearly inbroken peace to the mediterranean world for more than 2 centuries.

Front 4

Sassanian Empire

Back 4

an iranian dynasty that rose to power after parthian empire.

Front 5

Rubicon River

Back 5

river which was illegal to cross but caesar did it anyways with his army provoking war.

Front 6

Aqueducts

Back 6

Structures that carry water to major cities with in the Roman empire .

Front 7

Princeps

Back 7

title given to augustus to appear more modest.

Front 8

Aurelian walls

Back 8

built by emperor Aurelian, a 12 mile circuit of walls around Rome in the 270's to protect the city from Germanic invaders.

Front 9

Forum

Back 9

the political and religious center of the city of Rome throughout antiquity. All cities in in the empire had a forum in imitation of the capital.

Front 10

Optimates

Back 10

were the pro-aristocratic faction of the later Roman Republic. They wished to limit the power of the popular assemblies and the Tribunes of the Plebs, and to extend the power of the Senate, which was viewed as more dedicated to the interests of the aristocrats.

Front 11

First and second triumvates

Back 11

first: the informal political alliance made by Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus to share power of Roman Republic.
second: Octavian mark anthony and lepidus made an informal alliance to share power in Rome while they jockeyed for control. Octavian emerged as the sole ruler of Rome.

Front 12

Equites

Back 12

"excellent men" in the upper class part of roman society.

Front 13

Latifundia

Back 13

are pieces of property covering tremendous areas. The latifundia (Latin: lātifundium; lātus, "spacious" + fundus, "farm, estate") of Roman history were great landed estates, specializing in agriculture destined for export: grain, olive oil, or wine.

Front 14

Etruscan Culture

Back 14

culture of people from tuscany who heavily influenced roman culture.

Front 15

tetrarchy

Back 15

(Greek: "leadership of four [people]") can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals but is rarely used. The most famous Tetrarchy is that instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 and lasted until c. 313. The establishment of the Tetrarchy usually marks the resolution of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire.

Front 16

paterfamilias

Back 16

was the highest ranking family status (status familiae) in an Ancient Roman household, always a male position. The term is Latin, literally, for "father of the family". The form is irregular and archaic in Latin

Front 17

roman legions

Back 17

large roman army known for its strength and power.

Front 18

Nero

Back 18

was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynastyHis reign included a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire (58–63), the suppression of the British revolt (60–61) and improving diplomatic ties with Greece

Front 19

Trajan

Back 19

roman emperor, was on good terms witht he senate, had an extensive building program. one of the 5 good emperors.

Front 20

Caligula

Back 20

tried to have his favorite horse elected to senate. He was assassinated by his own body guards and members of senate.

Front 21

Diocletian

Back 21

rose to power due to the support of his fellow soldiersDiocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of imperial government and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily, enabling it to remain essentially intact for another hundred years. brought an end to the "crisis of the third century."

Front 22

Tacitus

Back 22

as a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories—examine the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and those that reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors.

Front 23

Sulla

Back 23

the first roman general who lead his own army against rome.

Front 24

Cicero

Back 24

the greatest orator of the roman empire. started as a lawyer and rose to power as a great politician.

Front 25

Hadrian

Back 25

one of the 5 good emperors. never an officially ruler.

Front 26

Polybius

Back 26

was a Greek historian of the Mediterranean Sea world famous for his book called The Histories covering in detail the period of 220–146 BC.

Front 27

Tiberius Gracchus

Back 27

was a Roman politician of the 2nd century BC. As a plebeian tribune, he caused political turmoil in the Republic by his attempts to legislate agrarian reforms. Tiberius' political ideals eventually led to his death at the hands of supporters of the conservative faction (Optimates) of the Roman Senate.

Front 28

Octavian Augustus

Back 28

means divinely favored. power giver to him by the senate,Auugustus wanted to maintain the appearance of a republican gov. very modest went by princeps, senators proclaimed him the father of the country.

Front 29

Gaius Marius

Back 29

member of the equites class. Marius acquired political power by using his military skills. the first of his family became consul.

Front 30

Marcus Aurelius

Back 30

was the last of the 5 good emperors and also a very important philosopher.

Front 31

Hannibal Barca

Back 31

was a Carthaginian military commander.His most famous achievement was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy.

Front 32

Scipio Africanus

Back 32

was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal of Carthage, a feat that earned him the agnomen Africanus, the nickname the Roman Hannibal and recognition as one of the finest commanders in military history.

Front 33

julius caesar

Back 33

made himself the sole dictator because he believed that was the only way to end conflict, he rfused to call himself king.

Front 34

Who did the Roman Senate declare was “The Father of His Country”?

Back 34

Octavian Augustus

Front 35

How did Roman Emperors respond to inflating prices?

Back 35

first they tried debasing coinage which proved ineffective. eventually it was necessary to divide the empire so elites could cover taxes.

Front 36

Where were the majority of the battles of the first Punic War fought?

Back 36

Sicily

Front 37

What dynasty was founded by Augustus?

Back 37

the Julio-Claudian dynasty