Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
legend on creation of the city of Rome
|
Romulus and Remus- twin sons of God Mars
- abandoned on the Tibet river and raised by she wolf - decided to form city |
|
|
Why was the geographical location of Rome an advantage?
|
- on the Tiber river - good to bring in goods
- has fertile land. - on the Mediterranean - good for trade |
|
|
Name three original groups that inhabited the region and characterize each of them.
|
1) Latins-built the original settlement at Rome - shepards and farmers - on Tibet River
2) The Greeks-established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily. - brought Greek influence - taught how to cultivate grapes, good in commerce 3) Estruscans- northern Italy, Romans adopted their writing system, the alphabet. good engineers/metalworkers. |
|
|
Who did the Romans borrow their religious ideas from?
|
Greece their gods names were just differnent from those of Greek. Zues = Jupiter
|
|
|
Republic
|
is a form of government in which power rest with citizens who could vote (only free born Roman males)
** the Romans replaced its monarchy with a Republic in 509 BC*** |
|
|
Partrician
|
One of the higher classes in the Roman society
- a wealthy land owner held most of power. -inherited position and claimed their ancestry gave them the power to rule Rome |
|
|
Plebeian
|
The common farmers, artisans, merchants; lower class citizens.
- they could vote but could not hold imp.govt. positions - struggled for power against the Patricians |
|
|
Tribune
|
-the Plebian's representatives to their assembly
- they protected the rights of plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials. |
|
|
Consul
|
Rome had 2 official consuls(presidents)
- the term was only for one year. - they commanded the army and directed the government but also had limited power (one could veto the other) |
|
|
Senate
|
-Was the aristocratic branch of Rome’s government.
- It had both legislative and administrative functions in the republic (made laws, and controlled foreign and financial policies) -made up of 300 members from the upper class chosen for life - later they allowed plebians in |
|
|
Assembly
|
- represented the more democratic side of the government
- they made the laws for the common people, the plebians, and for the republic itself - Tribal and Centuriate Assemblies (popular assemblies) - were run and organized by the Tribunes (representatives) |
|
|
Dictator
|
a leader who had absolute power, ruled only for 6 months, and this method was only used in times of disaster.
|
|
|
what did the Romans mean when they said they had a "balanced government"?
|
- they thought their "republic" was balanced b/c they had the best of all types of govts (monarchy, aristocracy and democracy)
|
|
|
Legion
- how was the Roman Army? |
- a unit of the army - made up of 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry) backed up by the calvary
- Military was very imp for the Romans - was very organized and very skilled -(org helped them win) - all romans who owned land were require to serve on the army for 10 yrs |
|
|
Explain why the Patricians wanted to prevent the plebeians from holding important positions.
|
They wanted the power to them selves, because they believe the plebeians were lower class.
|
|
|
What were the twelve tablets or tables? What was its importance?
|
- a code of Roman laws written on a set of tablets hung at the Forum
- they established the Idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law. - the plebians loved them as they protected them |
|
|
What was the cause that originated the Punic Wars? What cities were involved? When did they begin and when did they end? How long did the conflict last?
|
a.started b/c Carthage interfered with Rome's trade in the Mediterranean (both struggling to dominate trade in the Med Sea)
b.Carthage and Rome c began in 264 b.c, ended in 146 b.c d. it lasted 118 years |
|
|
Explain each one of the three Punic Wars considering the territories under dispute, the outcome of the confrontation, and the names of the military leaders.
1st Punic War |
1st Punic War
-was for control of Sicily and western Mediterranean - Romans built a fleet, blocked ports and capture Sicily -Carthage lost - was capitulated - lasted 23 years |
|
|
What was the consequence of the Punic Wars?
|
Carthage was destroyed and burned.
Rome became the BIG powerhouse in Med Sea - controlled from Anatolia (on East) to SPain on the West - later civil war b/c of the division b/n the 2 social classes |
|
|
a) Did Rome owe its success to its government or its army?
b) Had Rome really achieved a "Balanced Government" |
a. Its army because, there the ones that expanded the empire (strength was its organization)
b. No, because there was 2 different societies, the Plebeians and Patricians. |
|
|
What were the effects of the Punic Wars on Rome’s small landowners?
|
It made the large landowners richer because they had more slaves; this made it impossible for the Small land owners to compete.
- 1/3 of all romans were slaves |
|
|
What was the name given to poor people without lands or jobs?
|
Proletariat.
- 1/4 of all Romans became known as urban poors (homeless) |
|
|
What is the name given to rich landowners who concentrated huge properties?
|
Patricians
|
|
|
(T or F) The addition of conquered people to Rome’s slave population lessened job opportunities for citizens
|
True
- Small farmers found it very hard to compete with the larger estates that had all the slaves from the lands they had conquered |
|
|
Agricultural techniques changed from _______ agriculture to _______ agriculture.
|
Extensive, to intensive
|
|
|
Proletariat
|
ancient social roman class. It was the lowest status and possessed no property and therefore no land
|
|
|
Latifundia
|
an agricultural estate, large plantation
- one that was worked by enslaved labors. -slaves worked there - rich landlords |
|
|
Minifundia
|
small unit of agricultural production. Small plot of land insufficient to produce surplus and in some cases it is not even able to produce income to maintain one family.
|
|
|
Perennial
|
a plant that lasts for more than two growing seasons. Example: olives, vines.
|
|
|
Annual Crop
|
plant that dies after a season, a plant that flowers, produces seeds, and dies in one growing season. Example: wheat.
|
|
|
Intensive agriculture
|
form of agriculture that in ancient times implied an intense investment of labor per unit of production.
|
|
|
Extensive agriculture
|
Agriculture practiced in a large area of land using little labor and expense, resulting in a relatively small crop production. In ancient times it meant a low investment of labor per unit of production.
|
|
|
We are tribunes who wanted to redistribute land from the rich to the poor. his name was
|
Julies cesar - NO
Tiberius and Gaius (2 brothers) who were tribunes who attempted to help the poor - both were killed |
|
|
Hannibal
Scipio |
Generals during the Punic Wars
Hannibal - lead the Carthadge army - very bright - committed suicide at the end b/c didn't want to give into Romans Scipio - ROman Gnrl - attacked and defeated Hannibal (2nd punic War at Zama) |
|
|
civil war
|
A period of war or conflict between groups within the same country.
|
|
|
what problems were brought as Rome increased in size and wealth?
The Collpse of the Republic |
- the differnce between wealth in the lower class with upper class no middle
- too many slaves took - they took the jobs of the poor - poor people lost land in the various battles - so poor became even poorer and angry. - breakdown in milatary order - various military leaders wanted the power and they were buying off slaves and competing for power (weakened the military of the Republic) |
|
|
Which two brothers atempted to help Romes poor?
|
- Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
-they were Tribunes. -proposed to limit the size of the wealthy estates so the small farm land owners could compete and survive - proposed ways to give land to landless veterans |
|
|
Who was Julius Caesar?
|
- Milatary leader who took control as part of a Triunvirate - with Crasus (wealthy Roman) and Pompey (a general) when Rome was experiencing all the internal conflicts (after PW)
-Cesar: strong leader, military genius, consul for 1 yr, then governor of Gaul, France -in govt for 10 yrs - |
|
|
trimuvirate
|
- A group of three rulers that rule together
|
|
|
Why was Caesars so sucessful?
|
the people loved him and were very loyal b/c he undertook many hardships himself in the war
- he led the people to conquer Gaul, France, and later defeated Pompey's troops (who had become his enemy) in GReece, Asia, SPain, etc - then appt dictator for life |
|
|
Why was Caesar Killed? and who killed him
|
- Brutus (senator) led the plan
-the senateors stabbed Caesar in Senate chamber - HE was killed beacuse senators and nobles were worried that he had too much power |
|
|
what was the Battle of Actium?
|
- NAval battle faought by previous members of the 2ndTriunvate: MArk anthony/ Cleopatra vs. Augustas ( octavian)
- part of a civil war; - Augustas won |
|
|
what does Agustas mean
|
- "exalted one"
- name given to Octavian - became single the emperor of ROme |
|
|
PAz Romana
|
"Roman Peace"
- 200+ yrs period of peace that started when Augustus/Octavian took rule - - the peak of Roman Empire's Rule |
|
|
Roman policy towards the people they conquered (during the Republic)
|
- some became full citizens and could vote,
- other had all the rights of Romans except voting, - But ROME never interfered with their ways as long as they supported the roman army and did not become friends with Roman enemies - this philosophy enabled the Roman empire to grow and build a long lasting empire |
|
|
2nd Punic War
|
2nd (216 - 202) -
- - Carthage was lead by Hannibal (brilliant fighter) - Hannibal tried to take over rome. He came with soldiers and elephants all the way via Spain and France. - At 1st Rome lost many soldiers (in Cannae), but then they regrouped and with help from allies and new leader Scipio defeated Hannibal at nearby city called Zama (near Carthage) |
|
|
3rd Punic War
|
3rd war
149-146BC- 3 yrs - Rome sieged and burned Carthadge - sold all people to slavery and made Carthage a Roman Province |
|
|
reforms implemented by Cesar before his death
|
1. granted citizenship to many romans in the provinces
2. expanded the Senate to other areas 3. created jobs for the poor - constructing new bldgs 4. enabled people w/o land to own property by starting some new colonies 5. icnreased the pay for soldiers |
|
|
what happened after JC was killed?
|
- another civil war and destroyed part of the Roman Empire
- later Octavian, JC's adopted son (grandnewphew) takes over and becomes "Augustus" |
|
|
describe reforms/improvements made by Augustus during Pax Romana
|
- glorified ROme with beautiful bldgs
- stabilized the political situation - set up civil service - where people would get paid to work in govt. -included plebians in govt - very stable govt strengthened empire - Empire grew from Spain to Mesopot, and from NAfr to Britain |
|
|
what were the main industries during Pax Romana
- what helped theRoman Economy? |
-agriculture
- trade * had single coin - helped trade * slaves imp to economy |
|
|
describe Roman culture during Pax Romana
|
- valued discipline, strength, udefulness, and loyalty (more than beauty,elegance and grace)
- belived in god and goddeses - did rituals -still big division b/n rich and poor (i.e. gladiator games) - govt helped the poor with food - govt provided games, races and entertaiment to entertain the poor - religion and govt were linked - had to worship emperor |
|
|
what religion developed and came about at the end of Pax Romana
|
Christianity -
- But early followers were brutalized and critizised - met hardships |
|
|
STRUCTURE of the Replublic
|
Executive - had 2 consuls
Legislative - Senate (for life) - Assembly of Citizens Judiciary - praetors (judges) and censors (counted people for tax and other) |
|
|
Sulla vs Gaius
** Big rivalry*** |
Gaius Marius - consul who defeated Jugurtha in the Jugurthine War - he got many poor volunteers for his army - worked with the people
Sulla - an aristocratic that wanted to represent the patricians - appointed Dictator to alleviate civil war crisis - wanted to restore power to Senate (away from people) |
