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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Horatius
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Saved Rome from Etruscan army
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How did Rome transform power wise?
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Began a small-city state, ended up ruling all Mediterranean area.
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Geography of Rome
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- On Italian Pen.
- Center of Italy - Location helped as Rome expanded - Didn't have small, isolated valleys - Apennine Mts had fertile plains near the Alps = advantage |
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Who were the Roman ancestors?
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Latins
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Where did Romans first settle?
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Along the Tiber River
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Who shared the Italian Pen. with Romans?
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Greeks and Etruscans - (ruled much of Central Italy and Rome at the time)
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What did the Romans learn from other civilizations?
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- Greek created alphabet from the Etruscans
- Architecture (arch) - Engineering techniques to drain marshy lands |
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How and when was the founding of the Roman state established?
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Romans drove out Etruscan ruler in 509 B.C.
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Republic (meaning & def.)
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Meaning: "thing of people"
Definition: government form in which some officials are chosen by the people |
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What was the Senate? When did it start? Who was in it? What did those people do?
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- Most powerful governing body
- Republic - Senators (patricians - landholding upper class) - Made laws, elected 2 consuls |
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Consuls
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Supervisors of business of government and commanders of armies (serve 1 term)
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Rome had a system of ______ __ _____ in their government
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Checks on power
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What was a dictator and when were they needed?
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- Ruler who has complete control over the government (6 month rule)
- War |
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Cincinnatus
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- Model dictator
- Organized Army - led Romans to victory - attended victory celebrations - returned to his farmland ^ all in 16 days |
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Patricians
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Members of landholding upper class, wealthy
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Plebeians
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- farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who make up most of the population.
- had little influence |
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Twelve Tables
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- Laws of Rome inscribed on plaques
- First breakthrough for Plebeians in 450 B.C. Enabled them to appeal judgement, gained right to elect own officials (tribunes), and veto laws. |
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Tribunes
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elected officials of the plebeians that protect the interests of the Plebeians.
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Result of improvement in government
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- Common people gained access to power
- Plebeians eventually chosen as consuls in senate,a dn the senate was open to them |
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ow was the role of Roman women different from those of Greek women?
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Better roles, more individuality (ran businesses, shops, shipyards, raising familys, spinning, weaving, etc.)
*Patrician women later able to dine out, attend public entertainment w/ husband, go to public baths) |
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Livia and Agrippina the Younger
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Women who had important public roles and political influence
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Rhetoric
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subject for political careers
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By 270 B.C., Roman power controlled _____ __ ______.
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most of Italy
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Legion
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basic military unit of Rome (about 5,000 men)
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What was the success of Rome due to?
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skillful diplomacy and good army
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What increased Latin language and Roman customs/beliefs in Rome?
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Trade and travel
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What weakened and finally brought the Roman Republic to its end, and brought on the rise of the Roman Empire?
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the effects of expansion
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After gaining control of the Italian Pen, the roman empire controlled _____
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the area around the Mediterranean Sea
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Punic Wars
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- Rome vs. Carthage
- 264 - 146 B.C. - First War: Rome won Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia - Second War: Hannibal led army, elephants, 15 yrs, Romans won all of Carthage - Third War: Rome completely destroyed Carthage |
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Imperialism
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Control over foreign lands and people
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By 133 B.C., Roman power extended from...?
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Spain to Egypt
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Latifundia
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Huge estates for wealthy
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Tiberius and Galus Gracchus
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One of the first people to reform
Tiberius: give land to poor, killed in street violence |
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Julius Caesar
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-forced dictator starting in 59 B.C.
-completed conquest of Gaul -pushed through reforms -Julian calender |
