Historh - An Overview Of Spanish Colonization

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Their exposure to education fueled their nationalistic feelings and the realization that equality and freedom are basic rights. This awakening led to the clamor for reform and eventually the

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cry for independence.

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t/f

Before the Spanish occupation, there was no sense of nationalism among the early Filipinos because there was no idea of a nation yet.

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true

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is taken from the Spanish verb, ____, which means to entrust or to assign responsibility to a person.

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The encomienda system

encomendar

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The system became a source of abuse and corruption because the encomendero was free to raise the tribute to be collected from the people.

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encomienda system

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are the first haciendados or hacienderos in the Philippines controlling vast tracts of land

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encomenderos

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The _ began in 1580 whereby native Indios and mestizos from 16 years old to 60 years old were forced to work for 40 days every year.

In 1884, labor was reduced to _ days. Products of forced labor were churches, roads and other government buildings.

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polo y servicios

15

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involved the forced selling of farmer’s products most especially tobacco, palay and coconut oil to the government.

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The Bandala system

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Filipino farmers were required to sell their products or harvest that in return the government would exchange a piece of paper containing a promise to pay (promissory note).

It has been reported that the government officials don't have any _ because they wouldn't pay the farmers in the end.

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Bandala system

palabra de honor

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The imposition of taxes or the collection of tribute was replaced by the yearly purchase of a _

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cedula personal

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was a mandatory identification card used in assessing tribute paid by the natives and in determining those who were subject to forced labor.

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The “cedula personal”

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It also served as a residence tax certificate and as a passport to restrict the movement of people. Those who could not present their cedula could be arrested and imprisoned by the

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Guardia Civil.

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TRUE/ FALSE

The amount of cedula was based on the race and position of the person. The aim of cedula was similar to tribute and to recognize the authority of king of Spain.

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True

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During the __ in 1896, Bonifacio and the katipuneros tore their cedulas while shouting for Philippine independence.

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Cry of Pugadlawin

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T/F

Other forms of exploitations that have caused the Filipinos to revolt were discontent and humiliation brought about by racial discrimination, land grabbing, the arbitrary increases in land rents, the unjust eviction of farmers from their lands and the desire for religious.

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True

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When __ replaced Maria de la Torre as governor-general of the Philippines,

he said that he would rule the colony with a crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other.

He repealed the privileges that the soldiers had been enjoying under Governor-general dela Torre.

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Rafael Isquirdo

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As a result, on January 20, 1872, two hundred Filipinos employed at the Cavite arsenal staged a protest against the Spanish government. This so-called uprising was known as

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The Cavite mutiny of 1872.

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T/F

Cavite mutiny of 1872. The reasons for their protest were the government’s cancellation of their exemption from the payment of tributes, clamor for better pay and being forced to render forced labor and pay taxes.

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True

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During the trial, the three secular priests namely

popularly known as GomBurZa were singled out as masterminds of uprising

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• Mariano Gómez

• José Burgos

• Jacinto Zamora

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They were charged with subversion, treason and sedition by the Spanish military tribunal.

These charges were punishable by death.

On the early morning of ____ at Bagumbayan, they were publicly executed by means of garrote

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February 17, 1872

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In the 1780s, there were two groups of priests in the Philippines, the _ were group of Spanish priests from the established orders

and the _ were group of Filipino priests like Gomburza.

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regular priest and secular priests

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Gomburza were not involved in the mutiny however, they were prominent figures in the _ movement, which aimed to make reforms with in the church like giving native Filipinos increased roles in Church affairs.

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secularization movement

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during the Revolution of 1896, the secularization movement gave birth to the Filipino church known as ___ or known as ____

This was materialized through the help of Isabelo de los Reyes and Fr. Gregorio Aglipay.

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Iglesia Filipina Independiente

Aglipayan Church

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1890s, the illustrados would take inspiration from the deaths of Gomburza. One of them was _

The illustrados tried to question Spanish authorities and demanded reforms.

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Dr. Jose Rizal.

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The martyrdom of Gomburza greatly inspired the founding of the Propaganda Movement. In fact, Rizal dedicated his second novel to the

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three priests