Histology Lecture Test 1

Front 1

H and E stain

Back 1

Most used stain, acid-base relationship

Hematoxyline: Stains acid components Blue (nucleus)
Esonin: stains basic components Red (cytoplasm)

Front 2

Three stains for bacteria

Back 2

1) Gram: bacteria that maintain their crystal violent stain are gram positive. Bacteria are small circular things

2) Acid Fast: Retains their dye and are stained red even after being exposed to acid. Things such as TB

3) Warthin-starry: Silver stain, detects spirochetes. Spiral shaped bacteria.

Front 3

2 stains for fungi

Back 3

1) PAS: Stains it pink plasma membrane and blue/purple nucleus. Stains carb/glycogen magenta. (think pink). used to find fungi

2) GMS: very dark, black spiral shaped fungi. Little blue ECM. BLACK. (think getho)

Front 4

Special stains Oil Red O

Back 4

Stains lipid/fat RED

Front 5

Rhodanine-Copper

Back 5

Stains cooper BROWN. this is useful in liver disease and wilson's disease as cooper accumulates in the liver

Front 6

Prussian Blue

Back 6

Stains iron/hemosiderin BLUE. it can be used to find places of hemorrage as it stains iron blue (RBC)

Front 7

Congo Red

Back 7

Stains amyloids pink (in brain after alzehmiers). Under polarized light, it has a apple-green birefringence

Front 8

Masson's trichrome

Back 8

Stains collagen BLUE and muscle RED

Front 9

Reticulin

Back 9

Stains collagen type 3 (located on the skin, lung, vascular system)

Front 10

Toluidine blue

Back 10

Stains mast cell and basophil granules MAGENTA

Front 11

Cytokertain

Back 11

tumor of epithelial cells, carcinoma

Front 12

Vimentin

Back 12

tumor of Mesenchymal cells/connective tissue, sarcoma

Front 13

CD20

Back 13

Tumor of lymphocytes, lymphoma

Front 14

In situ hybridization (ISH)

Back 14

Uses labeled complementary DNA or RNA strand to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a section of tissue. Breast cancer

Front 15

FISH

Back 15

Uses ISH but the target DNA or RNA is bright under florsecent imaging

Front 16

Frozen Section

Back 16

When patient is on the operating table, and this can be used to tell quick if it's maligant or beign or has clean edges

Front 17

Black india Ink

Back 17

Used to mark a tissue or organ. to see the margins of the cancer

Front 18

Cytology

Back 18

Study of cells. Uses fine needle aspirate to look at cells. Uses eosin red (cytoplasm) and methylene blue (plasma membrane) a lot.

Romanowsky stain

Front 19

Blood origin

Back 19

From the meschymal/mesoderm. It's a connective tissues made up of RBC, white blood cells, and platelets. And the plasma is the ECM. Fibrin is a protein important for clotting.

Front 20

Albumin

Back 20

osmotic pressure

Front 21

globulins

Back 21

immune system

Front 22

complement

Back 22

lyse bacterial cell walls

Front 23

clotting factors

Back 23

helps to initiate hemostasis

Front 24

Basophilia

Back 24

RNA, DNA, THINK BLUE

Front 25

Azurophilia

Back 25

Lysosomes stain purple

Front 26

Eosinophilia

Back 26

Hemoglobin. THINK PINK

Front 27

Neutrophilia

Back 27

LIGHT PINK

Front 28

Platelets

Back 28

Small, purple dots.

Front 29

3 things of granules

Back 29

Alpha: most numerous, adhesion and growth factors. initially needed for repair

dense/delta: platelet adhesion and vasoconstriction. filled with serotonin

Lamda: clot reabsorption, but releasing hydrolytic enzymes

Front 30

DTS and OCS

Back 30

Where calcium is stored. and it's released through the OCS

Front 31

Hypocellular bone marror vs. hypercellular

Back 31

too little blood formation, chemo

too much blood formation, cancer