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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells of connective tissue - different types:
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Connective tissue proper
Adipose tissue Cartilage Bone Blood and bone marrow |
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Three elements that connective tissue structurally consist of:
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Cells
Fibers (Collagen, elastic, reticular fibers) Ground substance |
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Fibers + ground substance =
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Extracellular matrix
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Fibrocytes
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Quiescent fibroblasts
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Definition of fibroblasts, description and characteristics
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Most common cell in connective tissue.
Responsible for synthesis of extracellular matrix components. Rich in RER and has well-developed Golgi complex |
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Cell type which repairs connective tissue:
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Fibroblasts
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Myofibroblasts:
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Fibroblasts + smooth muscle
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Responsibilities of myofibroblasts:
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Observed under wound healing
They close wounds - wound contraction |
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Characteristics of macrophages
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Well-developed Golgi complex, many lysosomes, prominent RER.
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Names for different macrophages in the body:
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Histocytes - connective tissue proper
Kupffer cells - in the liver Microglia cells - central nervous system Langerhans cells - the epidermis Oseoclasts - bone |
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Function of macrophages
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Phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria
Antigen processing Secretion of cytokines Removing cell debris |
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Contents of mast cells
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Histamine, heparin, neutral proteases, ECF-A
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Leukocytes are called
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the wandering cells of connective tissue. Migrate through walls of capillaries and postcapillary venules from blood to connective tissue
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Plasma cells - characteristics:
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Basophilic cytoplasm. Well-developed RER. Short-lived. Abundant in lamina propria in alimentary canal and respiratory passageways.
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The difference in extracellular matrix in epithelial cells and in connective tissue:
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Epithelial cells are very close, there's little extracellular matrix. In connective tissue there's A LOT of extracellular matrix.
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Mediators in mast cells
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Histamine, heparine, leukotriens
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Function of mast cells
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Storage of chemical mediators of the inflammatory response
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Mast cell secretion
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1. After the first exposure to an antigen: immunoglobin E (IgE) molecules bind to surface receptors.
2. After second exposure: The bound molecules are cross-linked by antigen. 3. Fusion of granules and exocytosis of their contents. 4. Leukotrienes are produced. |
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Ground substance is composed of:
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glycosaminoglycans
Proteoglicans Multiadhesive glycoproteins |
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How do collagen fibers stain?
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Pink with eosin, blue with Mallory's stain, green with Masson, red with Sirius red.
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Collagen type 1 is in:
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Skin, tendon, bone, dentin. Often together with type 3.
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Collagen type 2 is in:
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cartilage
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Collagen type 3 is in:
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Skin, muscle, blood vessels. Often together with type 1.
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Collagen type 4 is in:
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All basement membranes - support of delicate structure, filtration (chicken-wire organization)
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Collagen type 7 is in:
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Epithelia - anchoring fibrils
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What is collagen?
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A protein polymer composed of the protein tropocollagen
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Structural arrangement of collagen
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1. Collagen is arranged into microfibrils.
2. Microfibrils are arranged into fibrils. 3. Fibrils are grouped into fiber. 4. Fibers are grouped into a collagen bundle. |
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Collagen type 4 is in:
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All basement membranes - support of delicate structure, filtration (chicken-wire organization)
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Collagen synthesis
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1. Polypeptide chains are made on polyribosomes. Procollagen is formed by clipping signal peptide off.
2. Hydroxylation happens when peptide chain is long enough. 3. Glycosylation. 4. Assembly of procollagen molecules into triple helix. 5. Registration peptides are removed, forming tropocollagen. 6. Collagen fibrils form fibers. 7. Structure is reinforced by cross-links. |
