Histology - Connective Tissue

Front 1

Glysocaminoglycans (GAG)

Back 1

polysaccharides of disaccharides. Includes dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, and heparan sulfate.

Front 2

Dermatan Sulfate

Back 2

GAG. Found in dermis, tendons, ligaments, and fibrous cartilage.

Front 3

Chondroitin Sulfate

Back 3

GAG. Found in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage

Front 4

Keratin Sulfate

Back 4

Found in cornea. GAG

Front 5

Heparan Sulfate

Back 5

Associated with reticular fibers and basal laminae.

Front 6

Proteoglycans

Back 6

Intensely hydrated tructures that act as selective physical barriers.

Front 7

Hurler's Syndrome

Back 7

Abnormal accumulation of extracellular proteoglycans and secretion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate into urine. Leads to bone and cartilage abnormalities and mental retardation.

Front 8

Type I Collagen

Back 8

Most abundant. Widespread distribution. Forms fibers and bundles. Found in bone, tendons, skin, dermis, and loose connective tissue.

Front 9

Type II Collagen

Back 9

Forms fibrils only. Found in hyaline and elastic cartilage. Cartilage matrix in adults.

Front 10

Type III Collagen

Back 10

First collagen synthesized by body. Forms reticular fibers during wound healing.

Front 11

Type IV Collagen

Back 11

Does not form fibers. Found in basal laminae

Front 12

Type V Collagen

Back 12

Does not form fibrils. Found in fetal amnion, chorion, muscles, and tendons.

Front 13

Reticular Fibers

Back 13

Synthesized by fibroblasts and stain with silver. Composed of primarily type III collagen. Form network for hematopoietic organs.

Front 14

Elastic Fibers

Back 14

Show extreme elasticity. Synthesized by fibroblasts.

Front 15

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Back 15

Inherited disorders of defects in the synthesis and structure of collagen. Presents as laxity of tendons and ligaments, bruising, and fragile tissues.

Front 16

Marfan Syndrome

Back 16

Genetic disorder in which connective tissue is excessively elastic. Cause by mutation in fibrillin gene. Symptoms include aortic aneurysms, scoliosis, and ocular defects.

Front 17

Mesenchymal Cells

Back 17

Progenitor cells that give rise to connective tissue, including fibroblasts.

Front 18

Fibroblasts

Back 18

Large, stellate cells that stain pale. Large ovoid nucleus. 1-4 nuclei. Synthesis of fibers, intercellular ground substance, and tissue repair.

Front 19

Scleroderma

Back 19

Genetic disorder in which fibroblasts undergo uncontrolled growth and collagen synthesis. Causes thick skin, impaired blood flow, and difficulty swallowin

Front 20

Macrophages/Histiocytes

Back 20

Monocytes differentiate into macrophages after migrating into connective tissue. Secrete several factors.

Front 21

Mast Cell Disorder

Back 21

Hay fever. Allergic rhinitis marked by itching and lacrimation, sneezing, and irritation of nasal mucosa.

Front 22

White Adipose Cells

Back 22

Extremely large, signet ring. Flat nuclei. Single lipid droplet. Originate from lipoblasts.

Front 23

Brown Adipose Cells

Back 23

Contain multiple lipid droplets, many mitochondria (hence color). Eccentric nucleus.

Front 24

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Back 24

Flexible, vascularized. Contains fibroblasts and macrophages. Has collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Found in mesentery, omentum, dermis, hypodermis, and glands.

Front 25

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Back 25

Sparse ground substance and fewcells. Numerous collagen fibers irregularly arranged. Less flexible but resistant to stress. In dermis and organ capsules. Non-lactacting breast.