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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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S/Sx of HF
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FACES: Fatigue, Activity limitation, Chest Congestion/ Cough, Edema, SOB
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causes of Systolic Failure
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impared contractile function (MI), increased afterload (HTN), cardiomyopathy, mechanical abnormalities (valvular Heart disease)
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Hallmark of Systolic Failure
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decrease in Left ventricular Ejection Fraction
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Diastolic Failure is
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the inablity of the ventricles to fill or relax during diastole
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Characteristics of Diastolic Failure
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High filling pressures
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DF usually diagnosed with
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Pulmonary congestion, pulmonary hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy, and a NORMAL EF
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Mixed Diastolic and Systolic failure
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DCM (Dilated Cardiomyopathy, LV walls unable to relax)
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Precipitating causes of HF
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Anemia, infection, Thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, Dyshymias, Bacterial endocarditis, Pulmonary disease, Paget's disese, Nutritional deficiencies, Hypervolemia
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Global Systemic S/Sx o VF
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Low SystemicArterial BP, Low CO, Poor renal perfusion, decreased exercise tollerance, Ventricular dysrhymias
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Low CO compensation Mechanisms
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SNS activation, NH response, ventricular dilation, ventricular hypertrophy
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SNS activation causes
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Increased HR, increased contractility, and peripheral vasoconstriction
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SNS activation leads to
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increased oxygen demand and workload for the heart, also increased venous return r/t increased CO )increased preload may cause more ventricular dilation)
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NH Response caused by
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decreased renal perfusion r/t decreased CO
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NH response is
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release of renin from kidneys (initiation of RAAS cascade), release of ADH from posterior pituitary (leads to water renention in kidneys)
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RAAS cascade causes
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retention of H20 and sodium, peripheral vasoconstriciton
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volume overload
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Hypervolemia
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Myocardial Dilation (pathological)
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overstretching of cardiac myocytes resultig in decreased contractility.
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Morpheme Sulphate
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reduces preload and afterload
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Beta adrenergic agonists
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dopamine, dobutamine (selective B1), Epi, and NE
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Cool, diaphoretic skin
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expect to find upon inspection of a patient with HF
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Diatary treatment for edema
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restriction of sodium intake
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