Hazmat Tech 2

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Offensive mode

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Commits resources to aggressive leak, spill and fire control objects

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Defense mode

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Commits resources to less aggressive objects. Diverting or dining the hazmat

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Nonintervention mode

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Means taking no action other than isolating the area

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Stress

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Applied force or system of forces that tend to either strain or deform a container. 3 types of stress- thermal, mechanical and chemical

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Thermal stress

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Generally associated with hot or cold temperatures

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Mechanical stress

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The result of transfer of energy when one object physically contacts or collides with another

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Chemical stress

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The result of a chemical reaction between two or more materials

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Breach

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When the container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery opened up or breached

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Disintegration

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The total loss of container integrity

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Runaway cracking

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Occurs in closed containers such as liquid drums or pressure vessels. Linear cracking is commonly associated with catastrophoc BLEVE scenarios

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Failure of container attachments

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Attachments may open up or break off the container such as pressure relief valve, frangible disk, fusible plugs and discharge valves

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Container punctures

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Associated with mechanical stressors that result in a breach of a container example 55 gallon drum

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Container splits or tears

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Include torn fiber or plastic bags, split 55 gallon drums and seam or weld failures on both pressurized and non-pressurized containers

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Detonation

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An explosive chemical reaction rate of <0.01 seconds

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Violent rupture

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Associated with chemical reactions having a release rate of 0.01 to 1 second

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Rapid relief

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Range from several seconds to several minutes depending on the size of the opening type of container and the nature of its contents

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Spill or leak

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Release rates vary from minutes to hours. Generally a low pressure nonviolent flow through broken or damaged valves and fittings split stairs or punctured

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Engulfing event

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Once a hazardous material is released it is free to travel or disperse subsequently engulfing an area

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Contact impingement event

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Hazardous material and/or container engolf an area they will impinge on or come in contact with exposures

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Harm event

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Responders can favorably influence the outcome of a hazardous incident they must first understand what harm is likely to occur within the engulfed area if they do not intervene

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Thermal

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Exposed to hot or cold temperature extremes

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Toxicity/ poisons

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Resulting from exposure to poisons and toxins material

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Radiation

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Exposed to radioactive material

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Asphyxiation

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Exposure to asphyxiants

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Corrosivity

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Exposure to corrosive material

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Etiologic

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Exposure to biological materials

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Incident action plan (IAP)

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Provide a permanent record of the decisions made at the incident IAP is based on the organization's standard operating procedures SOP should describe the response of gentleness and options personnel equipment required and provides a record of events that could be used in legal proceedings

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Components of a typical plan of action

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Site description, entry objectives, on-scene organization and coordination, on-scene control, hazard evaluation personal protective equipment on-scene work assignments communication procedures decontamination procedures

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Safety and health considerations

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Emergency medical care procedures environmental monitoring emergency procedures

personnel monitoring

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Site safety and control plans

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Analysis of hazardous risk site map or sketch control zones buddy system communication command post location

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Pre-entry activities

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Initial briefing should be helped prior to responders entering the incident site. Backup teams and technical decontamination are in place and fully operational before entering

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Initial safety briefing

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Should be conducted to identify; safety officer Control zones escape routes withdrawal signals safety location of personnel and equipment

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Prior to entry

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Safety briefing for entry and backup teams should be conducted to include objective for entry teams specific tasks to be performed radio channels hand and verbal emergency signal protective equipment required and the location and layout of decontamination areas

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Safety hazards associated with confined space

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Atmosphere and physical hazard

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Atmospheric hazard

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F.O.O.T flammable atmosphere oxygen enrich oxygen deficiency toxic atmosphere

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Physical hazard

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(S.E.E.Me.Fall) structural engolfment Electrical Mechanical falls and slips

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Absorption

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(Picking up) physical process of absorbing a liquid hazardous material to prevent enlargement of the contaminated area

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Adsorption

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Adheres to the sorbent. Absorption process is accomplished by heat the absorption which may result in spontaneous ignition

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Blanketing

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Blanking the surface of the spill to prevent dispersion of materials

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Covering

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Covering the surface of a spill to prevent dispersion of materials such as powder or dust

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Damming

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Physical methods of confinement about which barriers are constructed to prevent or reduce the quality of a liquid flowing into the environment (Stop)

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Diking

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Physical method of confinement of which barriers are constructed on the ground used to control the movement of liquids

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Dilution

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Large volumes of water to a spill