Grade 9 Health Exam Review

Front 1

Chain of Survival

Back 1

Early Healthy Choices
Early Recognition
Early Access
Early CPR
Early Advanced Care
Early Rehabillitation

Front 2

Heart Attack

Back 2

- Myocardial infarction
- When there is a complete blockage of a coronary artery
- Part of the heart muscle that does not receive oxygen dies and scar tissue remains

Front 3

Stroke

Back 3

Complete blockage of the coronary artery leading to your brain

Front 4

Defibrillation

Back 4

-When a small computerized device (defibrillator) is connected to a person when the heart is in fibrillation.
- It delivers a special kind of shock to the heart, trying to kickstart it to reset the heart muscle and restore its smooth pumping action

Front 5

Risk Factor

Back 5

Factors that increase the chance of heart disease.

- Obesity
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Lack of Exercise
- High fat diet
- Genetics
- Hypertension
- Stress
- Diabetes

Front 6

Signs of a heart attack (5 P's)

Back 6

Puking -
Puffing -
Pooped -
Pale Skin -
Pain -

Front 7

Puking

Back 7

feeling sick to the stomach or actually vomitting

Front 8

Puffing

Back 8

troubles breathing

Front 9

Pooped

Back 9

Feeling very tired suddenly

Front 10

Pale Skin

Back 10

Pale, clammy, often sweaty skin

Front 11

Pain

Back 11

Heaviness, tightness, squeezing, or pressure, like a person sitting on your chest
- Severe / Mild and can spread to the neck, jaw, shoulders, arms

Front 12

2 Reasons people have trouble accepting that they are having a heart attack

Back 12

Denial - Can't be them / too young for it
Fear - person may be terrified on the inside and doesn't want to go to a hospital

Front 13

Signs of a Stroke

Back 13

Paralysis of the face, arm, or leg
- sudden speech problems
- weakness, numbness, or tingling of the face, arm or leg
- dizziness
- sudden headache

Front 14

6 Things you should do if you think someone is having a stroke

Back 14

-Check for hazards
- holler for help
- Position the person
- Loosen tight clothing
- Talk to the person

Front 15

PLT

Back 15

Position
Loosen Clothing
Talk to the person

Front 16

What does CPR stand for

Back 16

Cardio-Pulmonary Resucitation

Front 17

The 4 R's of CPR

Back 17

- Risks
- Recognize
- React
- Resuscitate

Front 18

Name of the artery that takes blood away from the heart from the lungs

Back 18

Pulmonary Artery

Front 19

What is a heart murmur

Back 19

When blood leaks through to the previous chamber while being pumped through the heart.

Front 20

Ovary

Back 20

-Production of eggs (ovum) each month
- production of ovarian hormones (progesterone and estrogen)

Front 21

Testicles

Back 21

Male sexual organs which produce sperm and male hormone testosterone

Front 22

Seminal Vesicle

Back 22

Secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to make them mobile

Front 23

Prostate Gland

Back 23

Prostate secretions help sperm survive the acidity of the vagina

Front 24

Ovulation

Back 24

Part of the menstrual cycle when an egg is released from the ovary into the Fallopian tube for fertilization

Front 25

Pap Smear

Back 25

A quick, painless, screening device used to detect cervical cancer

Front 26

Pathway of Sperm from production to conception

Back 26

1. Sperm is produced in the testicles
2. It then travels up the vas deferens to the seminal vesicle which adds fluid to make it mobile.
3. It then goes to the prostate gland where its secretions will help it survive the acidity of the vagina
4. It then goes through the cowper's gland which neutralizes any acidity in the urethra left by urine.
5. It then travels through the urethra when a man has an erection and ejaculates going through the vagina, cervix, uterus, and into the fallopian tube, where it joins with an egg.
6. The egg is then fertilized and conception has occurred.

Front 27

Embryo

Back 27

Name given from implantation to the 8th week
- when the fertilized egg embeds itself into the endometrium

Front 28

Fetus

Back 28

Name form the 9th week to the end of pregnancy

Front 29

Down Syndrome

Back 29

When you have 1 extra chromosome in all of your cells with an extra copy of the 21st chromosome in you.
- You have 47 chromosomes instead of 46

Front 30

XX Conception

Back 30

Birth of Baby girl

Front 31

XY Conception

Back 31

Birth of Baby boy

Front 32

Circumcision

Back 32

Surgical removal of the foreskin form the head of the penis

Front 33

Foreskin

Back 33

Fold of skin covering the head of the penis

Front 34

Scrotum

Back 34

Thin wall of sac holding the testicles
- protects and houses the testicles
- controls sperm temperature

Front 35

Cowper's gland

Back 35

Neutralizes any acidity left in the urethra by urine

Front 36

Urethra

Back 36

Carries sperm and urine

Front 37

Fraternal Twins

Back 37

- Two different sperm fertilize two different eggs
- Can be same or different gender
- Develop in separate placentas

Front 38

Identical Twins

Back 38

Produced after conception
- One egg and one sperm
- Fertilized egg splits into two identical parts
- Share the same placenta

Front 39

Ovum / Ova

Back 39

Egg

Eggs

Front 40

Hormone baby produces after conception

Back 40

HCG

Front 41

Painful menstruation

Back 41

dysmenorrhea

Front 42

Ectopic pregnancy

Back 42

Baby develops inside of the fallopian tube
- fetilized egg does not make its way to the uterus

Front 43

Placenta

Back 43

Exchange of food, nutrients, oxygen takes place between mother's blood and baby

Front 44

Breech Birth

Back 44

When the baby is not in a downwards position to come out head first but instead feet and buttocks first

Front 45

Placenta Previa

Back 45

Placenta grows in the lower end of the uterus by the cervix

Front 46

Name for water breaking

Back 46

Amniotic sac breaks

Front 47

Amniotic Sac

Back 47

- watery liquid that surrounds the baby
- acts as a shock absorber
- controls temperature
- allows baby to grow and move freely

Front 48

Ceasarian Section

Back 48

- Doctor will cut the abdominal wall and uterine wall to remove baby

Front 49

Reasons for a C-Section

Back 49

- Disproportionate size of pelvis and baby
- Breech position of baby
- Fetal Distress
- Mother has and STD
- Placenta Previa

Front 50

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Back 50

- Babies born to mothers who abuse alcohol
- effects are permanent central nervous system damage and brain damage
- totally preventable

Front 51

Umbilical Cord

Back 51

Cord Baby is attached to the placenta leading out of the naval

Front 52

3 Stages in the Birth Process

Back 52

1. Dilation of the cervix
- contractions of the uterus, mother starts to push to deliver when it dilates 10 cm

(Amniotic Sac breaks)

2. Passageway of the baby through the birth canal (vagina)

3. Expulsion of the afterbirth
- placenta, umbilical cord, and fluids are delivered

Front 53

Mother's always carry which chromosome

Back 53

X

Front 54

Zygote

Back 54

Name given to the baby when it is first conceived

Front 55

HCG

Back 55

stimulates the ovaries to produce progesterone which prevents the lining of the uterus from breaking down into menstrual discharge.

Front 56

Cervix

Back 56

- passageway for sperm and uterus lining during menstruation

Front 57

Fallopian tube

Back 57

- directs eggs to the uterus
- where fertilization occurs

Front 58

Uterus

Back 58

- Receives eggs and protects it
- houses the developing baby

Front 59

Endometrium

Back 59

- nourishes embedded fertilized egg during its development

Front 60

Vagina

Back 60

for sexual intercourse
- receives sperm
- birth canal
- passage way for menstrual flow

Front 61

Clitoris

Back 61

highly sensitive, similar to the male penis

Front 62

Emphysema

Back 62

-A disease that attacks the alveoli causing them the disintegrate and lose their elasticity making gas exchange difficult.
- The primary cause is form smoking and working in underground mines.
- Symptoms include difficulty breathing, coughing, and shortness of breath

Front 63

Capillaries

Back 63

Allow for the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- small blood vessels that surrounds the alveoli

Front 64

Smoke Free Ontario Act 2006

Back 64

New laws stating that you can no longer smoke on patios or places young people are

Front 65

Air sacs in the lungs

Back 65

Alveoli
- where the exchange of gases takes place

Front 66

Bronchi / Bronchus

Back 66

Bronchi Plural

Bronchus - singular

Front 67

Alveoli / Alveolus

Back 67

Alveoli - plural

Alveolus - singular

Front 68

Bronchiole

Back 68

Bronchioles lead to the alveoli

Front 69

Chronic

Back 69

Long term

Front 70

Cancer

Back 70

Abnormal, uncontrolled, cell growth
- travel beyond their environment and evade other cells

Front 71

Benign

Back 71

- Non cancerous tumor
- Does not spread to healthy cells or other parts of the body

Front 72

Malignant

Back 72

Cancerous
- Invades and eventually destroys surrounding healthy tissue

Front 73

Biopsy

Back 73

- The removal of a small amount of tissue that is examined for the presence of abonormal cells

Front 74

Nicotine

Back 74

Stimulant
- addictive
- increases heart rate and blood pressure

Front 75

Tar

Back 75

Tar in cigarette smoke coats the inside surface of the lungs and air passages paralyzing the movement of the cilia
- contains many carncinogens

Front 76

Carcinogen

Back 76

cancerous causing agent

Front 77

Hemoglobin

Back 77

Protein structure that delivers oxygen to all body cells

Front 78

Leukoplakia

Back 78

thickened, white leathery spots on the insides of a smokeless tobacco user's mouth
- can develop cancer of the mouth

Front 79

Two new laws put in place within the past 5 years to prevent second hand smoke

Back 79

- Not allowed to smoke in a car with a minor
- Tobacco ads are prohibited and cigarette blocks are to be put up where sold to prevent youth from seeing them

Front 80

Economic impacts of tobacco use

Back 80

can cause a smoker $3,650 a year to support a pack a day habit
- ontario taxpayers spend 4 billion each year in healthcare costs and losts due to tobacco

Front 81

1994 Tobacco Control Act

Back 81

-banned tobacco sales in phrarmacies and vending machines
- Legal smoking age changed to 19

Front 82

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Back 82

AKA Second Hand Smoke

Front 83

Mainstream smoke

Back 83

smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker

Front 84

Side stream smoke

Back 84

smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar

Front 85

Artery

Back 85

- blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart (exception of the pulmonary artery)
- carries oxygenated blood
- high pressure
- lies deep

Front 86

Vein

Back 86

- Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
- carries deoxygenated blood (exception of the pulmonary vein)
- low pressure
- superficial

Front 87

Angina

Back 87

Chest pain
- partial blockage in a coronary arteries
- Nitroglycerin relieves the pain

Front 88

Nitroglycerin

Back 88

- Vasodilator
- increases the diameter in the arteries causing the pain to subside

Front 89

Angiogram

Back 89

A dye is injected in the leg then doctors can see the dye pass through coronary arteries.
- will tell the doctor where the blockage is and how many there are

Front 90

Angioplasty

Back 90

Doctors insert a balloon into the blocked coronary artery to open the bloackage
- balloon is removed and a stent is left in place to keep it open

Front 91

By-pass surgery

Back 91

Single, double, triple, quadruple etc.
- vein is taken out of your leg to bypass the blockage